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engineering
heat and mass transfer fundamentals and applications

Questions and Answers of Heat And Mass Transfer Fundamentals And Applications

A metal pipe (kpipe = 15 W/m ∙ K, Di,pipe = 5 cm, Do,pipe = 6 cm, and L = 10 m) situated in an engine room is used for transporting hot saturated water vapor at a flow rate of 0.03 kg/s. The water
Reconsider Prob. 8–82. Using the EES (or other) software, evaluate the effect of the saturated water vapor mass flow rate on needed insulation thickness for keeping the outer surface temperature
Exposure to high concentrations of gaseous ammonia can cause lung damage. To prevent gaseous ammonia from leaking out, ammonia is transported in its liquid state through a pipe (k = 15 W/m ∙ K,
Reconsider Prob. 8–50. Using the EES (or other) software, investigate the effect of the pipe roughness on the pumping power required to overcome the pressure loss. By varying the pipe roughness for
A tube with a bell-mouth inlet configuration is subjected to uniform wall heat flux of 3 kW/m2. The tube has an inside diameter of 0.0158 m (0.622 in) and a flow rate of 1.43 × 10-4 m3/s (2.27 gpm).
Reconsider Prob. 8–95. Calculate the fully developed friction coefficient if the volume flow rate is increased by 50 percent while the rest of the parameters remain unchanged.Data from problem 95A
A tube with a square-edged inlet configuration is subjected to uniform wall heat flux of 8 kW/m2. The tube has an inside diameter of 0.622 in and a flow rate of 2.16 gpm. The liquid flowing inside
A 4-m-long tube is subjected to uniform wall heat flux. The tube has an inside diameter of 0.0149 m and a flow rate of 7.8 × 10-5 m3/s. The liquid flowing inside the tube is ethylene
Ethylene glycol-distilled water mixture with a mass fraction of 0.72 and a flow rate of 2.05 × 10-4 m3/s flows inside a tube with an inside diameter of 0.0158 m and a uniform wall heat flux boundary
Repeat Prob. 8–99 for the location x/D = 90.Data from problem 99Ethylene glycol-distilled water mixture with a mass fraction of 0.72 and a flow rate of 2.05 × 10-4 m3/s flows inside a tube with an
The velocity profile in fully developed laminar flow in a circular pipe, in m/s, is given by u(r) = 6(1 - 100r2) where r is the radial distance from the centerline of the pipe in m. Determine(a) The
The velocity profile in fully developed laminar flow of water at 40°F in a 140-ft-long horizontal circular pipe, in ft/s, is given by u(r) = 0.8(1 - 625r2) where r is the radial distance from the
Consider laminar flow of a fluid through a square channel maintained at a constant temperature. Now the mean velocity of the fluid is doubled. Determine the change in the pressure drop and the change
Repeat Prob. 8–103 for turbulent flow.Data from problem 103Consider laminar flow of a fluid through a square channel maintained at a constant temperature. Now the mean velocity of the fluid is
A silicon chip is cooled by passing water through microchannels etched in the back of the chip, as shown in Fig. P8–106. The channels are covered with a silicon cap. Consider a 10-mm ×
A liquid hydrocarbon enters a 2.5-cm-diameter tube that is 5.0 m long. The liquid inlet temperature is 20°C and the tube wall temperature is 60°C. Average liquid properties are cp = 2.0 kJ/kg · K,
A geothermal district heating system involves the transport of geothermal water at 110°C from a geothermal well to a city at about the same elevation for a distance of 12 km at a rate of 1.5 m3/s in
A house built on a riverside is to be cooled in summer by utilizing the cool water of the river, which flows at an average temperature of 15°C. A 15-m-long section of a circular duct of 20-cm
Repeat Prob. 8–125 for cast iron pipes of the same diameter.Data from problem 125A geothermal district heating system involves the transport of geothermal water at 110°C from a geothermal well to
Repeat Prob. 8–127 assuming that a 0.25-mm-thick layer of mineral deposit (k = 3 W/m · K) formed on the inner surface of the pipe.Data from problem 127A house built on a riverside is to be cooled
Oil at 15°C is to be heated by saturated steam at 1 atm in a double-pipe heat exchanger to a temperature of 25°C. The inner and outer diameters of the annular space are 3 cm and 5 cm, respectively,
A concentric annulus tube has inner and outer diameters of 1 in. and 4 in., respectively. Liquid water flows at a mass flow rate of 396 lbm/h through the annulus with the inlet and outlet mean
The bulk or mixed temperature of a fluid flowing through a pipe or duct is defined as (a) Tb (b) Tb (c) Tb (d) Tb TdAc ACJA 17 m 1 TpVdAc hpVdAc hdAc Ac Jac (e) T₁ = = TpVdA
Internal force flows are said to be fully developed once the ____ at a cross section no longer changes in the direction of flow.(a) Temperature distribution(b) Entropy distribution(c) Velocity
Water (μ = 9.0 × 10-4 kg/m · s, ρ = 1000 kg/m3) enters a 2-cm-diameter and 3-m-long tube whose walls are maintained at 100°C. The water enters this tube with a bulk temperature of 25°C and a
Water enters a circular tube whose walls are maintained at constant temperature at a specified flow rate and temperature. For fully developed turbulent flow, the Nusselt number can be determined from
Air (cp = 1007 J/kg · K) enters a 17-cm-diameter and 4-m-long tube at 65°C at a rate of 0.08 kg/s and leaves at 15°C. The tube is observed to be nearly isothermal at 5°C. The average convection
Water (cp = 4180 J/kg · K) enters a 12-cm-diameter and 8.5-m-long tube at 75°C at a rate of 0.35 kg/s, and is cooled by a refrigerant evaporating outside at 210°C. If the average heat transfer
Air enters a duct at 20°C at a rate of 0.08 m3/s, and is heated to 150°C by steam condensing outside at 200°C. The error involved in the rate of heat transfer to the air due to using arithmetic
Engine oil at 60°C (μ = 0.07399 kg/m · s, ρ = 864 kg/m3) flows in a 5-cm-diameter tube with a velocity of 1.3 m/s. The pressure drop along a fully developed 6-m-long section of the tube is(a) 2.9
Engine oil flows in a 15-cm-diameter horizontal tube with a velocity of 1.3 m/s, experiencing a pressure drop of 12 kPa. The pumping power requirement to overcome this pressure drop is(a) 190 W(b)
Water enters a 5-mm-diameter and 13-m-long tube at 15°C with a velocity of 0.3 m/s, and leaves at 45°C. The tube is subjected to a uniform heat flux of 2000 W/m2 on its surface. The temperature of
Water enters a 5-mm-diameter and 13-m-long tube at 45ºC with a velocity of 0.3 m/s. The tube is maintained at a constant temperature of 8ºC. The exit temperature of water is(a) 4.48C(b) 8.98C(c)
Water enter a 5-mm-diameter and 13-m-long tube at 45°C with a velocity of 0.3 m/s. The tube is maintained at a constant temperature of 5°C. The required length of the tube in order for the water to
Air enters a 7-cm-diameter and 4-m-long tube at 65°C and leaves at 15°C. The tube is observed to be nearly isothermal at 5°C. If the average convection heat transfer coefficient is 20 W/m2 · °C,
Air (cp = 1000 J/kg · K) enters a 20-cm-diameter and 19-m-long underwater duct at 50°C and 1 atm at an average velocity of 7 m/s and is cooled by the water outside. If the average heat transfer
Water enters a 2-cm-diameter and 3-m-long tube whose walls are maintained at 100°C with a bulk temperature of 25°C and volume flow rate of 3 m3/h. Neglecting the entrance effects and assuming
Air at 110°C enters an 18-cm-diameter and 9-m-long duct at a velocity of 3 m/s. The duct is observed to be nearly isothermal at 85°C. The rate of heat loss from the air in the duct is(a) 375 W(b)
Air at 10°C enters an 18-m-long rectangular duct of cross section 0.15 m × 0.20 m at a velocity of 4.5 m/s. The duct is subjected to uniform radiation heating throughout the surface at a rate of
A room at 20°C air temperature is loosing heat to the outdoor air at 0°C at a rate of 1000 W through a 2.5-m-high and 4-m-long wall. Now the wall is insulated with 2-cm thick insulation with a
A 1-cm-diameter, 30-cm-long fin made of aluminum (k = 237 W/m · K) is attached to a surface at 80°C. The surface is exposed to ambient air at 22°C with a heat transfer coefficient of 11 W/m2 ·
A 1-cm-diameter, 30-cm-long fin made of aluminum (k = 237 W/m · K) is attached to a surface at 80°C. The surface is exposed to ambient air at 22°C with a heat transfer coefficient of 11 W/m2 · K.
A hot surface at 80°C in air at 20°C is to be cooled by attaching 10-cm-long and 1-cm-diameter cylindrical fins. The combined heat transfer coefficient is 30 W/m2·K, and heat transfer from the fin
A cylindrical pin fin of diameter 0.6 cm and length of 3 cm with negligible heat loss from the tip has an efficiency of 0.7. The effectiveness of this fin is(a) 0.3(b) 0.7(c) 2(d) 8(e) 14
A 3-cm-long, 2-mm 3 2-mm rectangular cross section aluminum fin (k = 237 W/m · K) is attached to a surface. If the fin efficiency is 65 percent, the effectiveness of this single fin is(a) 39(b)
Two finned surfaces with long fins are identical, except that the convection heat transfer coefficient for the first finned surface is twice that of the second one. What statement below is accurate
A 20-cm-diameter hot sphere at 120°C is buried in the ground with a thermal conductivity of 1.2 W/m · K. The distance between the center of the sphere and the ground surface is 0.8 m and the ground
A 25-cm-diameter, 2.4-m-long vertical cylinder containing ice at 0°C is buried right under the ground. The cylinder is thin-shelled and is made of a high thermal conductivity material. The surface
Hot water (cp = 4.179 kJ/kg · K) flows through a 200-m-long PVC (k = 0.092 W/m · K) pipe whose inner diameter is 2 cm and outer diameter is 2.5 cm at a rate of 1 kg/s, entering at 40°C. If the
The walls of a food storage facility are made of a 2-cm-thick layer of wood (k = 0.1 W/m · K) in contact with a 5-cm-thick layer of polyurethane foam (k = 0.03 W/m · K). If the temperature of the
The equivalent thermal resistance for the thermal circuit shown here is To R12 R234 organg one R34 188 1818 T5 Rol R23B (a) R₁2R01 + R234R238 + R34 R234R23B (b) R12R01 + R23A+R23BA R₁2R01 R₁2 +
The 700 m2 ceiling of a building has a thermal resistance of 0.52 m2·K/W. The rate at which heat is lost through this ceiling on a cold winter day when the ambient temperature is 210°C and the
A 1-m-inner-diameter liquid-oxygen storage tank at a hospital keeps the liquid oxygen at 90 K. The tank consists of a 0.5-cm-thick aluminum (k = 170 W/m · K) shell whose exterior is covered with a
A 1-m-inner-diameter liquid-oxygen storage tank at a hospital keeps the liquid oxygen at 90 K. The tank consists of a 0.5-cm-thick aluminum (k = 170 W/m · K) shell whose exterior is covered with a
The fin efficiency is defined as the ratio of the actual heat transfer from the fin to(a) The heat transfer from the same fin with an adiabatic tip(b) The heat transfer from an equivalent fin which
Computer memory chips are mounted on a finned metallic mount to protect them from overheating. A 152 MB memory chip dissipates 5 W of heat to air at 25°C. If the temperature of this chip is to not
In the United States, building insulation is specified by the R-value (thermal resistance in h·ft2·°F/Btu units). A homeowner decides to save on the cost of heating the home by adding additional
A triangular shaped fin on a motorcycle engine is 0.5-cm thick at its base and 3-cm long (normal distance between the base and the tip of the triangle), and is made of aluminum (k = 150 W/m · K).
A plane brick wall (k = 0.7 W/m · K) is 10 cm thick. The thermal resistance of this wall per unit of wall area is(a) 0.143 m2 · K/W(b) 0.250 m2 · K/W(c) 0.327 m2· K/W(d) 0.448 m2·K/W(e) 0.524
Find out about the wall construction of the cabins of large commercial airplanes, the range of ambient conditions under which they operate, typical heat transfer coefficients on the inner and outer
The bottom of a pan is made of a 4-mm-thick aluminum layer. In order to increase the rate of heat transfer through the bottom of the pan, someone proposes a design for the bottom that consists of a
Repeat Prob. 3–230 for a submarine with a crew of 60 people.Data Problem 230Find out about the wall construction of the cabins of large commercial airplanes, the range of ambient conditions under
Water is boiling in a 25-cm-diameter aluminum pan (k = 237 W/m·K) at 95°C. Heat is transferred steadily to the boiling water in the pan through its 0.5-cm-thick flat bottom at a rate of 800 W. If
Repeat Prob. 3–25, assuming the space between the two glass layers is evacuated.Data from Problem 25Consider a 1.2-m-high and 2-m-wide double-pane window consisting of two 3-mm-thick layers of
Reconsider Prob. 3–25. Using EES (or other) software, plot the rate of heat transfer through the window as a function of the width of air space in the range of 2 mm to 20 mm, assuming pure
To defrost ice accumulated on the outer surface of an automobile windshield, warm air is blown over the inner surface of the windshield. Consider an automobile windshield with thickness of 5 mm and
The wall of a refrigerator is constructed of fiberglass insulation (k = 0.035 W/m·K) sandwiched between two layers of 1-mm-thick sheet metal (k = 15.1 W/m·K). The refrigerated space is maintained
Reconsider Prob. 3–35. Using EES (or other) software, investigate the effects of the thermal conductivities of the insulation material and the sheet metal on the thickness of the insulation. Let
The outer surface of an engine is situated in a place where oil leakage can occur. When leaked oil comes in contact with a hot surface that has a temperature above its autoignition temperature, the
Heat dissipated from a machine in operation can cause hot spots on its surface. Exposed hot spots can cause thermal burns when in contact with human skin tissue and are considered to be hazards at
A 1-mm-thick copper plate (k = 386 W/m·K) is sandwiched between two 5-mm-thick epoxy boards (k = 0.26 W/m·K) that are 15 cm × 20 cm in size. If the thermal contact conductance on both sides of the
A 5-m-wide, 4-m-high, and 40-m-long kiln used to cure concrete pipes is made of 20-cm-thick concrete walls and ceiling (k = 0.9 W/m·K). The kiln is maintained at 40°C by injecting hot steam into
An aluminum plate and a stainless steel plate are pressed against each other at an average pressure of 20 MPa. Both lates have a surface roughness of 2 mm. Determine the impact on the temperature
Reconsider Prob. 3–64. Using EES (or other) software, investigate the effects of the thickness of the wall and the convection heat transfer coefficient on the outer surface of the rate of heat loss
Reconsider Prob. 3–67. Using EES (or other) software, plot the rate of heat transfer through the wall as a function of the thickness of the rigid foam in the range of 1 cm to 10 cm. Discuss the
A 10-in-thick, 30-ft-long, and 10-ft-high wall is to be constructed using 9-in-long solid bricks (k = 0.40 Btu/h·ft·°F) of cross section 7 in × 7 in, or identical size bricks with nine square air
Steam at 320°C flows in a stainless steel pipe (k = 15 W/m · K) whose inner and outer diameters are 5 cm and 5.5 cm, respectively. The pipe is covered with 3-cm-thick glass wool insulation (k =
Reconsider Prob. 3–80E. Using EES (or other) software, investigate the effects of the thermal conductivity of the pipe material and the outer diameter of the pipe on the length of the tube
Reconsider Prob. 3–76. Using EES (or other) software, investigate the effect of the thickness of the insulation on the rate of heat loss from the steam and the temperature drop across the
In a pharmaceutical plant, a copper pipe (kc = 400 W/m·K) with inner diameter of 20 mm and wall thickness of 2.5 mm is used for carrying liquid oxygen to a storage tank. The liquid oxygen flowing in
Liquid hydrogen is flowing through an insulated pipe (k = 23 W/m ∙ K, Di = 3 cm, Do = 4 cm, and L = 20 m). The pipe is situated in a chemical plant, where the average air temperature is 40°C. The
Exposure to high concentration of gaseous ammonia can cause lung damage. To prevent gaseous ammonia from leaking out, ammonia is transported in its liquid state through a pipe (k = 25 W/m ∙ K, Di =
A mixture of chemicals is flowing in a pipe (k = 14 W/m ∙ K, Di = 2.5 cm, Do = 3 cm, and L = 10 m). During the transport, the mixture undergoes an exothermic reaction having an average temperature
Ice slurry is being transported in a pipe (k = 15 W/m ∙ K, Di = 2.5 cm, Do = 3 cm, and L= 5 m) with an inner surface temperature of 0°C. The ambient condition surrounding the pipe has a
In a manufacturing plant, 100 mm by 40 mm thin rectangular electronic devices are assembled in mass quantity. The top surface of the electronic device is made of aluminum and is attached with a HS
Two homes are identical, except that the walls of one house consist of 200-mm lightweight concrete blocks, 20-mm air space, and 20-mm plasterboard, while the walls of the other house involve the
Repeat Prob. 3–94 for liquid oxygen, which has a boiling temperature of 2183°C, a heat of vaporization of 213 kJ/kg, and a density of 1140 kg/m3 at 1 atm pressure.Data From problem 94The boiling
An 8-m-internal-diameter spherical tank made of 1.5-cm-thick stainless steel (k = 15 W/m · K) is used to store iced water at 0°C. The tank is located in a room whose temperature is 25°C. The walls
Reconsider Prob. 3–103. Using EES (or other) software, plot the rate of heat transfer from the ball as a function of the plastic insulation thickness in the range of 0.5 mm to 20 mm. Discuss the
Repeat Prob. 3–101E, assuming a thermal contact resistance of 0.001 h·ft2·°F/Btu at the interface of the wire and the insulation.Data from problem 101A 0.083-in-diameter electrical wire at 90°F
Reconsider Prob. 3–122E. Using EES (or other) software, investigate the effects of the thermal conductivity of the spoon material and the length of its extension in the air on the temperature
A plane wall with surface temperature of 350°C is attached with straight rectangular fins (k = 235 W/m · K). The fins are exposed to an ambient air condition of 25°C and the convection heat
A plane wall with surface temperature of 350°C is attached with straight rectangular fins (k = 235 W/m · K). The fins are exposed to an ambient air condition of 25°C and the convection heat
The human body is adaptable to the extreme climatic conditions and keep the body core and skin temperature within the comfort zone by regulating the metabolic heat generation rate. For example, in
Reconsider Prob. 3–130. Using EES (or other) software, investigate the effect of the center to center distance of the fins on the rate of heat transfer from the surface and the overall
Consider the conditions of Example 3–14 in the text for two different environments of air and water with convective heat transfer coefficient of 2 W/m2 · K and 20 W/m2 · K, respectively. The
Consider the conditions of Example 3–14 in the text except that the ambient air is at a temperature of 30°C. A person with skin/fat layer thickness of 0.003 m is doing vigorous exercise which
We are interested in steady state heat transfer analysis from a human forearm subjected to certain environmental conditions. For this purpose consider the forearm to be made up of muscle with
What is a conduction shape factor? How is it related to the thermal resistance?
A 20-m-long and 8-cm-diameter hot-water pipe of a district heating system is buried in the soil 80 cm below the ground surface. The outer surface temperature of the pipe is 60°C. Taking the surface

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