Neglecting the effects of radiation absorption, emission, and scattering within their atmospheres, calculate the average temperature of Earth, Venus, and Mars assuming diffuse, gray behavior. The average distance from the sun of each of the three planets, L_sp, along with their measured average temperatures, T_p are shown in the table below. Based upon a comparison of the calculated and measured average temperatures, which planet is most affected by radiation transfer in its atmosphere?

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Planet Venus Earth Mars Ls p (m) 1.08 × 10¹1 1.50 X 10¹¹ 2.30 X 10¹1 T,(K) 735 287 227