Consider a 55-cm-long journal bearing that is lubricated with oil whose viscosity is 0.1 kg/m∙s at 20°C at the beginning of operation and 0.008 kg/m∙s at the anticipated steady operating temperature of 80°C. The diameter of the shaft is 8 cm, and the average gap between the shaft and the journal is 0.08 cm. Determine the torque needed to overcome the bearing friction initially and during steady operation when the shaft is rotated at 1500 rpm.