Suppose that a professional baseball fan wants to investigate whether teams in one league (National or American) tend to score more runs on average than teams in the other league. The fan waits until the end of the season, records the number of runs scored by all 30 teams, and classifies the teams as National or American League.
a. Describe the population of interest in this study.
b. Explain how you know that this study involves neither random sampling nor random assignment.
c. Is it legitimate to perform a significance test and calculate a p-value based on the data that this baseball fan collected, even though the fan gathered data on the entire population of all 30 Major League Baseball teams? Explain your thinking.