Analyze each of the following investigations, or arguments, and indicate which of the methods of causal reasoning—Mill’s methods—are being used in each of them:

Some theories arise from anecdotal evidence that is difficult to confirm. In The Left- Hander Syndrome (New York: Bantam Books, 1992), Stanley Coren sought to evaluate the common belief that left-handed persons die sooner than right handers. But death certificates and other public records very rarely mention the and preferred by the deceased. What could serve as a reliable data source with which that hypothesis could be tested? Coren searched baseball records, noting which hand baseball pitchers threw with, and then recording their ages at death. Right-handed pitchers, he found, lived on average nine months longer than lefties. Then, in a follow up study, he and a colleague telephoned the relatives of people named on death certificates in two California counties, to ask which hand the deceased favored.
Right-handed people (that study found) lived an average of nine years longer than lefties.