Analyze each of the following scientific reports, explaining how the pattern of the method of agreement is manifested by each. Discuss, in each case, the limitations of the method of agreement as applied to that quest for a causal connection.

Medical researchers have concluded not only that the timing of sexual intercourse in relation to ovulation strongly influences the chance of conception, but that conception occurs only when intercourse takes place during a specifiable period in the menstrual cycle. The researchers summarized their findings thus: We recruited 221 healthy women who were planning to become pregnant. At the same time the women stopped using birth control methods, they began collecting daily urine specimens and keeping daily records of whether they had sexual intercourse. We measured estrogen and progesterone metabolites in urine to estimate the day of ovulation.
In a total of 625 menstrual cycles for which the dates of ovulation could be estimated, 192 pregnancies were initiated. . . . Two-thirds (n = 129) ended in live births. Conception occurred only when intercourse took place during a six-day period that ended on the estimated day of ovulation. The probability of conception ranged from 0.10 when intercourse occurred five days before ovulation to 0.33 when it occurred on the day of ovulation itself.
Conclusion: Among healthy women trying to conceive, nearly all pregnancies can be attributed to intercourse during a six-day period ending on the day of ovulation.

—Allen J. Wilcox, Clarice R. Weinberg, Donna D. Baird,
“Timing of Sexual Intercourse in Relation to Ovulation,”
New England Journal of Medicine, 7 December 1995