Cartoons You’ll find a number of cartoons throughout this text. Are they Are cartoons simply entertaining, or will they help with learning? Lawrence M. Lesser, Dennis K. Pearl, and John J. Weber III (“Assessing fun items’ effectiveness in increasing learning of college introductory statistics students: Results of a randomized experiment,” Journal of Statistics Education, 24 (2), 2016) showed cartoons and other “fun items” to a group of 80 students and compared their performance on tests with 88 students taught without the fun items. The table gives the number of students scoring correctly on the test.

1. Find the relative frequency distributions and explain why they are a more appropriate way to compare the two columns.

2. Is there evidence in these data that cartoons help with understanding?

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Topic Drawing a sample What does "random" mean Mean versus median Categorical versus quantitative variables Inadequacy of mean without standard deviation Without fun item 54 52 54 15 20 With fun item 39 42 44 16 22