(a) Show that the most general density matrix for a spin-1/2 particle can be written in terms...
Question:
(a) Show that the most general density matrix for a spin-1/2 particle can be written in terms of three real numbers (α1,α2,α3):
where σ1,σ2,σ3 are the three Pauli matrices.
(b) In the literature, a is known as the Bloch vector. Show that ρ represents a pure state if and only if |a| = 1, and for a mixed state |a| < 1. Use Problem 12.6(c). Thus every density matrix for a spin-1/2 particle corresponds to a point in the Bloch sphere, of radius 1. Points on the surface are pure states, and points inside are mixed states.
(c) What is the probability that a measurement of Sz would return the value +ћ/2, if the tip of the Bloch vector is at (i) the north pole (a = (0,0, 1)), (ii) the center of the sphere (a = (0,0,0)), (iii) the south pole (a = (0,0, -1))?
(d) Find the spinor χ representing the (pure) state of the system, if the Bloch vector lies on the equator, at azimuthal angle ϕ.
Problem 12.6 (c)
(c) Show that ρ2 = ρ if and only if ρ represents a pure state.
Step by Step Answer:
Introduction To Quantum Mechanics
ISBN: 9781107189638
3rd Edition
Authors: David J. Griffiths, Darrell F. Schroeter