Question: It can be shown that a nonnegative n Ã n matrix is irreducible if and only if (I + A) n-1 > O. Use this

It can be shown that a nonnegative n Ã— n matrix is irreducible if and only if (I + A)^n-1> O. Use this criterion to determine whether the matrix A is irreducible. If A is reducible, find a permutation of its rows and columns that puts A into the block form

1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 A =| 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 10 0 _0 0 0 1

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