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mathematics
statistics for the behavioral sciences
Applied Statistics For Public And Nonprofit Administration 8th Edition Kenneth J. Meier, Jeffrey L. Brudney, John Bohte - Solutions
The Metro City Bus system is concerned about the number of people who complain about the service. Metro City Bus managers suspect that many people do not know how to complain. Last year, complaints averaged 47.3 per day. Th is year, bus systems manager Ralph Kramden has posted a sign in all buses
Last year, the Texas State Penitentiary averaged 14.1 violent incidents per day in its prisons. At the end of last year, the federal courts held that inmates could not supervise other inmates. Warden John Law thinks that this ruling will generate more violent incidents because, in the past, inmates
Complaints about how long it takes the city of Shorewood to pay its bills have reached the city manager. City policy requires that bills be paid within 30 days. A sample of 100 bills shows a mean of 34 days with a standard deviation of 15. Is it possible that a sample mean of 34 days could be
The Secretary of Welfare hypothesizes that the average district office has 5% or fewer fraudulent or ineligible recipients. A sample of 10 offices reveals a mean of 4.7% with a standard deviation of 1.2%. What can be said about the secretary’s hypothesis?
If the absenteeism rates for a school district rise above 10%, the state reduces its aid to the school district. Stermerville Independent School District takes a sample of five schools within the district and finds the following absenteeism rates: 5.4%, 8.6%, 4.1%, 8.9%, and 7.8%. What is your best
The mean number of fires per hour in Smallsville, Utah, is .1042. What is the probability that Smallsville will experience no fires on any given day? Five or more fires on any given day?
The mean number of persons shot by the Metro City Police Department (MPD) in an hour is .042. What is the probability that the MPD will shoot no one in a 24-hour period? What is the probability that the MPD will shoot one person? Two persons? More than two persons? Explain your work.
The mean number of contracts that consulting firms receive with the Department of Human Services is .4 for any given year. Ecosystems Inc., a heavy contributor to political candidates, receives three contracts in 1 year. What is the probability that this event would occur by chance? What is the
The Nuclear Regulatory Commission estimates that the probability that a Westinghouse X-27 nuclear plant’s warning system will fail in a year’s time is .1. New York Power and Light operates six of the X-27 plants; last year one failed. What is the probability that one or more plants’ warning
The mean number of teletype machines in the Bureau of Communications that break down is .625 in any given hour. If repairs take 8 hours, how many repair people should the Bureau of Communications staff ?
The mean number of murders reported in Metro City during the 8-hour graveyard shift is .5 for any hour. It takes two people 2 hours to investigate a homicide call. How many officers should be assigned to the homicide squad during these hours?
Last year, sanitation engineer crews in Buffalo, New York, collected 124 tons of trash per day. Th is year, larger, more efficient trucks were purchased. A sample of 100 truck-days shows that a mean of 130 tons of trash were collected, with a standard deviation of 30 tons. What is the probability
The mean number of major fires in Flandreau, South Dakota, is .057 on any given day. What is the probability of no major fires occurring in any given week? What is the probability of one major fire? Two major fires? Three or more major fires?
The Department of the Treasury is concerned because one member of Congress has charged that by normal accounting standards, one-third of all savings and loans (S&Ls) in the country are bankrupt. To refute this claim, chief economist Tom Holbrook takes a sample of six savings and loans and finds
The Blue field Regional Employment Service needs to place five individuals in jobs this week to meet its yearly quota. During the past several years, the service’s track record is that every person sent to interview for a job has a .6 probability of getting the job. The placements appear to be
The Bureau of Paperwork wants to know whether agency personnel prefer to use health maintenance organizations (HMOs) for their health care benefits. If more than 25% favor using HMOs, then the bureau will begin to set up procedures for this type of health care. A sample of 100 of the bureau’s
The BFOQ Job Training Corporation believes that it has a new program that will increase job placements. Essentially, the corporation thinks that if it runs its trainees through a simulated interview before sending them out on a job interview, their likelihood of getting the job increases. BFOQ
The area supervisor of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has heard a story that a certain inspector is not enforcing safety regulations. Past statistics reveal that inspectors find safety violations in 91% of all inspections. The supervisor pulls the files for the eight most
If one-third of the University of Wisconsin teaching assistants (TAs) sign a petition calling for a collective bargaining election, an election will be held. A survey of 50 TAs indicates that 40% will sign the petition. What is the probability that a sample such as this could have occurred if
Refer to Problem 9.9. Of the 620 nominees, 211 are women; and of these, 91 are selected. Is there any preference with regard to sex? Data in Problem 9.9.This year, 620 persons are nominated to participate in the president’s Management Internship Program. After screening, 212 are selected
This year, 620 persons are nominated to participate in the president’s Management Internship Program. After screening, 212 are selected for the program. Maxwell George University nominates five persons, and all five receive awards. What is the probability that this event would occur if the
The Procurement Bureau runs tests on 30 brand X teletype machines. It finds that an average of three machines fail in any 1-day period. Against the bureau’s advice, the Public Affairs Department purchased 140 of these machines for all state offices. On the first day, 26 machines fail. What is the
Seaman David Brady is one of 16 seamen in Petty Officer Rickels’s unit. Every day four seamen are assigned to chip paint, and the others are assigned to screen movies to see if they are suitable for viewing. Seaman Brady believes that Rickels does not like him because he has been assigned to the
Traditionally, one-half of all cities that apply get job training grants. Four southern cities apply for grants, but none receive them. Assume all the cities were equally qualified. What is the probability that no southern city gets a grant?
Mary Doyle ran against Bernie Hobson for state senate. In one precinct, one of the two voting machines did not work, and 182 votes were cast on the broken machine. Mary needed to receive 177 of the 182 votes to win the election. On the other machine in the precinct, Mary received 51% of the votes.
In a grand jury case, a bookstore was indicted in Oklahoma County on several counts of selling an obscene book. The grand jury was composed of 22 Baptists and 8 other people. The defendant feels that Baptists are biased against free speech. What is the probability that 22 or more Baptists are
The foreign service exam gives a passing grade to only the top 10% of those taking the exam. Th e mean score is 84, with a standard deviation of 8. What should be the minimum passing grade?
The Armenian Navy gives all persons who want to join the navy an intelligence test. Past tests had a mean of 90 and a standard deviation of 10.(a) What percentage of applicants scored between 82 and 104?(b) What percentage of applicants scored below 75?(c) What is the probability that a person
The state legislative council has been charged with sex discrimination in hiring. Last year it hired only 3 women out of 12 new employees. The civil service lists show that women comprise 40% of the qualified applicants for these jobs. What is the probability of hiring three or fewer women if the
The director of development at the Midfield Wisconsin Museum of the Arts has recently collected data on donations for the past several years. She finds that the data are normally distributed with a mean of $23 and a standard deviation of $3.57. Th e director’s ideal point for a minimum donation
The National Crop Reporting Service receives the accompanying information from the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) on the Russian wheat harvest. Russian demand for wheat is approximately 210 million metric tons.(a) What is the probability that the harvest will be adequate?(b) If U.S. exports
According to records kept by Compton County, the average (mean) amount of time that it takes for employees to be reimbursed for professional expenses incurred in service to the county is 36 days, with a standard deviation of 5 days. The distribution is normal. About 2 months ago, Marissa Lancaster
From a survey of the households in Grayson, Missouri, the crime figures shown in the accompanying table were estimated.(a) What is the probability that a crime is reported?(b) What is the probability that a crime is reported, given that an assault occurs?(c) What is the probability that a non
Sheriff Joe Bob Stewart thinks the odds of any law enforcement grant being funded are .25. He believes that the decision to fund one grant is independent of the decision to fund any other grant. (a) Use a probability tree to tell Sheriff Stewart what the probability is that he can submit three
Given P(A) = .3, P(B) 5 .61, and P(A|B) = .3, calculate:(a) P(A ∩ B)(b) P(A ∪ B)
Given P(A) = .45, P(B) = .31, and P(A ∩ B) = .26, calculate:(a) P(A ∪ B)(b) P(A|B)(c) P(B|A)
Jane Watson is running a youth recreation program to reduce the juvenile crime rate. If Jane can get a Law Enforcement Assistance Administration (LEAA) grant to expand the program, she feels that there is a .9 probability that the program will work. If she fails to get the grant, the probability of
The city water department estimates that for any day in January the probability of a water main freezing and breaking is .2. For six consecutive days, no water mains break.(a) What is the probability that this happens?(b) Are the events independent?
A successful launch of an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) requires three steps: the signal to fire must reach the missile team, the ignition mechanism must work properly, and the missile must not explode prematurely. Th e Department of Defense estimates that the probability that the
The probability that a smallpox case will be found in Metro City in any given week is .0034. In the week of July 17, four unrelated cases of smallpox are reported. If these are independent events, what is the probability that this would occur? Are these likely to be independent events?
In your own words, explain what mutually exclusive events are.
What do we mean when we say that two events are independent?
The director of the Madison County jail is planning to testify before the Wisconsin state legislature with the goal of obtaining more state funds for the county jail system. In preparing his remarks, the director plans to present data on the average number of days that prisoners remain in jail. Th
The city manager of Grand Rapids, Michigan, has instructed her assistant to compile data on employee travel reimbursement payments for the past year. Th ere were a total of 250 reimbursement claims. As part of her cost management initiatives, the manager would like to get a better sense of what
Data on spending per pupil across the entire population of Wisconsin public school districts are provided. Calculate the mean, median, and standard deviation for these data.Next, use a statistical package program such as Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), a statistical software
The Texas State Penitentiary is concerned about the number of violent incidents in its prisons. After examining the 10 prisons in the Texas system, a data analyst finds the following data for the numbers of violent incidents last month:Calculate the mean, median, and standard deviation. Should the
The director of the South Bloomington YMCA has become concerned about the health of the organization’s employees. He issues a directive to all YMCA sites advising all managers to encourage employees to get at least 60 minutes of exercise per day. Following are the data on the number of minutes
An employee at the Purchasing Department claims that he and a few other employees do almost all the work. In support of his claim, he collects the accompanying data on the number of purchase orders cleared and processed by each of the 16 members of the department in a typical week. Calculate all
Jane Smart, director of the New Directions Youth Center, is planning a marketing campaign designed to attract more corporate donors. Because she has received several inquiries in the past regarding how much it costs to treat each client, Ms. Smart decides to collect these data so she can include
The U.S. Postal Service is concerned with the time it takes to deliver mail. It would like not only to deliver mail as quickly as possible but also to have as little variation as possible. Twenty letters are mailed from New York state collection boxes to Cutbank, Montana. From the following number
Bobby Gene England, a research analyst for the United Way of Chickasaw, is asked to provide information on the number of daily visits to food banks in Chickasaw for the past 2 weeks. For the accompanying data, calculate the mean, median, and standard deviation for Bobby Gene.
The head of research and development for the U.S. Army must select for procurement one of the antitank weapons from the accompanying listing. The listed results indicate the distance away from the intended target that 100 test rounds fell. Which system should the army select, and why?
An audit of the Community Rehabilitation Agency reveals that the average “26 closure” (rehabilitation jargon for a successful effort) takes 193 days with a standard deviation of 49 days and a skewness of 3.15. What does this mean in English?
Some faculty at Federal University have complained to the director of the DPA program that Ph.D. students typically have strong verbal skills but lack mathematical preparation. (Fortunately, a statistics book is available in public administration to meet the needs of these students.) In response
Helen Curbside, the chief custodial engineer for Placerville, has entered into the department computer the number of tons of garbage collected per day by all work crews in the city during a 1-week period. One statistic on the computer puzzles her: “Skewness 5 22.46.” Interpret this result for
Charles Jones, the local fire chief, wants to evaluate the efficiency of two different water pumps. Brand A pumps an average of 5,000 gallons per minute with a standard deviation of 1,000 gallons. Brand B pumps 5,200 gallons per minute with a standard deviation of 1,500 gallons. What can you say
The legislature has limited the Bureau of the Audit to a monthly average of 34 employees. For the first 9 months of the year, the employment figures were 31, 36, 34, 35, 37, 32, 36, 37, and 34. Does it appear that the bureau will make the target? How many employees can the bureau have over the next
The dean of Southwestern State University is concerned that many faculty members at SSU are too old to be effective teachers. She asks each department to send her information on the average age of its faculty. The head of the sociology department does not wish to “lie” with statistics, but,
The U.S. Army is allowed only five test firings of the Lance missile. The following figures represent the number of feet by which the missiles missed the target: 26, 147, 35, 63, and 51. Calculate the mean and the median. Which should the army report?
The director of the state Department of Public Works wants to upgrade the department’s automobile fleet; she claims that the fleet is too old. The governor appoints a staff analyst to investigate the issue. The analyst compiles data on both the age and the odometer readings (mileage) of the
The local humane society is concerned about available space for impounded animals. The agency keeps careful count of the number of animals it shelters each day. To determine the load on the agency, its head, Anna Trueheart, selects a representative sample of days from the last 2 years and records
During a recent crackdown on speeding, the Luckenbach, Texas, police department issued the following number of citations on seven consecutive days: 59, 61, 68, 57, 63, 50, and 55. Calculate the mean and median numbers of speeding citations.
Because of cutbacks in agency funding, the United Way of Megopolis has had to forgo routine maintenance of its computer terminals for the past 5 years. (The equipment is made by the Indestructible Computer Company.) The head of the agency is concerned that the agency will face a major equipment
The city clerk has received numerous complaints over the past year that couples applying for a marriage license have to wait too long to receive one. Although the clerk is skeptical (couples applying for a license are usually young and impatient), she pulls a representative sample of marriage
Refer to Problem 4.4. Construct a frequency distribution, and present it to reflect favorably on the incumbent.DATA IN Problem 4.4.The incumbent governor of a large state is campaigning on the platform that he eliminated a great many large, “do-nothing” bureaucracies. As the research
Allan Wiese, the mayor of Orva, South Dakota, feels that the productivity of meter butlers has declined in the past year. Mayor Wiese’s research assistant provides him with the accompanying data. Convert the frequency distributions to comparable distributions. What can you tell Mayor Wiese about
The incumbent governor of a large state is campaigning on the platform that he eliminated a great many large, “do-nothing” bureaucracies. As the research assistant for the challenger, you are asked to present the accompanying data (numbers are the size of bureaus eliminated under the incumbent
You are the research assistant to the administrator of a small bureau in the federal government. Your boss has received some criticism that the bureau does not respond promptly to congressional requests. The only information you have is the day the agency received the request and the day the agency
Scotty Allen, the civil service director for Maxwell, New York, compiles the accompanying frequency distribution of scores on the Maxwell civil service exam. Construct a cumulative frequency distribution and a cumulative frequency polygon for Mr. Allen. Exam
The director of the Art Institute would like to present some data on the size of donations in this year’s annual report. He selects the following four categories to summarize donations: To get a sense of what the data will look like, the director gives you a sample of donations measured at
The head of the Teen Intervention Center believes that troubled youth are not getting the message if they complete the center’s 5-week education program but still have subsequent encounters with law enforcement. When they first come to the center, teens are broken up into groups of 15 to meet
For the entire month of January 2011, the local domestic violence shelter ran a series of ads on the government access cable television channel. Th e director of the shelter hypothesized that the ads would bring more attention to the problem of domestic violence and make victims of domestic
Professor George A. Bulldogski has taught social graces to athletic teams at a major southeastern university for the past 15 years. Based on this experience, he insists that table manners are causally related to leadership. Professor Bulldogski has data showing that athletes who have better table
Develop a model that includes at least four concepts. Elaborate any theoretical or literature support underlying it. Present the model in an arrow diagram that shows schematically the relationships the model proposes. Provide operational definitions for all concepts, and state hypotheses derived
A researcher asserts that the relationship between attitude toward the field of public administration and taking courses in a public administration degree program is causal.(a) What evidence must the researcher provide about this relationship to prove that it is causal?(b) Given your answer, what
Identify a crucial concept in public administration, such as bureaucracy, professionalism, or responsiveness, and explain how this concept has been measured in the literature.(a) What are some of the ways that researchers have measured the concept?(b) To what degree have researchers established
The head of a municipal recreation department is not satisfied with the city’s standardized performance evaluation form for employees. The form consists largely of a rating system that includes five categories: far above expectations, above expectations, meets expectations, below expectations,
Evaluate the validity and reliability of the survey question, “To what extent does this department have waste and inefficiency in its operations?” as a measure of the waste and inefficiency in the department. Suggest other measures that the department could use to measure waste and inefficiency
What are the relative advantages of subjective and objective indicators of a concept?
Compile a list of indicators that could be used to evaluate a building maintenance crew.
A campus safety program requires all volunteer safety officers to be at least 5 feet, 8 inches tall and to be able to chin themselves on an 8-foot bar. What concept does the program seem to measure? Evaluate these indicators.
Compile a list of indicators that could be used to evaluate the quality of a city’s sanitary landfill (garbage dump).
A prominent social scientist believes that she can measure the effectiveness of police departments by asking citizens how effective they feel their police department is. What are the advantages and disadvantages of this measure?
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