International shipping is responsible for about 3% of global CO₂ emissions, and there are many ways to reduce (abate) CO₂ emissions. As a tool for comparing the cost of alternative reduction methods, policy analysts compute the marginal abatement cost (MAC) of each method, defined as the cost per ton of CO₂ abated. For low-cost methods such as propeller maintenance and weather-sensitive routing, the fuel savings cover the cost of the abatement method, so the MAC for these methods is close to zero. For other abatement methods, the MAC is higher:

• Switch from diesel to gas-powered engines: $20 per ton

• Reduce speed and increase fleet size: $90 per ton 

• Install fixed sails and wings to tap wind power: $105 per ton

Question.

What is the most efficient way to reduce pollution?

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AML ALLO 77 ********