One popular approach to lower back pain is to apply a piece of durable tape along the lower spine. In one study, 108 women with lower back pain were randomly assigned to receive one of four treatments: Kinesio tape applied to a tense back (KTT), Kinesio tape without any back tension (KTNT), Micropore tape (MP), and no tape (CG, a control group). After 10 days of treatment, each woman’s lower back extension (degrees) was measured. The accompanying table summarizes the results.

(“Kinesio Taping Reduces Pain and Improves Disability in Low Back Pain Patients,” Physiotherapy 2019: 65–75.)
a. Calculate SSTr, MSTr, SSE, and MSE.
b. Test the null hypothesis that true mean back extension after 10 days is the same for all four treatments, at the .05 level.

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Treatment KTT KTNT MP CG J 27 27 27 27 Xi. 30° 29° 26° 27° Si 14° 15⁰ 13⁰ 9°