Determine Ms. A’s filing status in each of the following independent cases:
a. Ms. A and Mr. Z have been living together since 2014. They were married on December 13, 2016.
b. Ms. A married Mr. P in 2009. They were divorced on November 8, 2016.
c. Ms. A married Mr. P in 2009. They separated in 2015 and have not lived together since, but have not divorced.
d. Ms. A divorced Mr. P in 2016. She maintains a home for herself and her dependent grandmother.