Memory experiments in which misleading postevent information (MPI) is presented to participants indicate that memory can be influenced by suggestion. An example is Loftus’s traffic accident experiment. The following explanations have been proposed to explain the errors caused by misleading postevent information:

(a) memory trace replacement hypothesis,

(b) effect of retroactive interference, and

(c) effect of source monitoring errors.

Lindsay’s experiment provides support for the source monitoring explanation, but the reasons for the effect of MPI are still being debated by memory researchers. lo1