${?}_{{?}_{{?}_{?}}{?}_{{?}_{?}}{?}_{{?}_{?}}{?}_{a}rein\text{c}\text{h}\text{a}\text{r}\text{g}\text{e}of\text{g}\text{u}\text{i}\text{d}\text{i}\text{n}\text{g}\text{t}\text{h}\text{e}\text{p}\text{e}\text{r}\text{f}\text{o}\text{r}\text{m}\text{a}\text{n}\text{c}\text{e}ofan\text{o}\text{r}\text{g}\text{a}\text{n}\text{i}\text{z}\text{a}\text{t}\text{i}\text{o}\text{n}as\text{a}\text{w}\text{h}\text{o}\text{l}\text{e}orof\text{o}\text{n}\text{e}of\text{i}\text{t}\text{s}\text{m}\text{a}\text{j}\text{o}\text{r}\text{p}\text{a}\text{r}\text{t}\text{s}\text{.}}$

${?}_{{?}_{?}}{?}_{{?}_{?}}{?}_{{?}_{?}}{?}_{{?}_{?}}$ are $in$ charge $of$ guiding the performance $ofan$ organization $as$ a whole $orof$ one $of$ its major parts.

Board $of$ directors

Board $of$ trustees

First$-$line managers

Top managers

Middle managers