$1\mathrm{.}1$ An Entity Relationship Diagram $($ERD$)$ has different cardinalities. List all the cardinalities and give an example of each. $(5)$

$1\mathrm{.}2$ Why is an Entity Relationship Model necessary before database development? What can we model with it$?(5)$

$1\mathrm{.}3$ Explain the difference between a partial, transitive, and functional dependency. $(5)$

$1\mathrm{.}4$ What are business rules? Give two examples to support your answer. $(5)$