$14$ ## $12$ # What theoretical foundations underpin civil engineering practices, shaping infrastructure design, construction methodologies, and risk management strategies? How do principles of mechanics, materials science, geotechnical engineering, and structural analysis contribute to the development of resilient and sustainable structures? Furthermore, how do environmental considerations, such as climate change adaptation and resource optimization, integrate into these theoretical frameworks? Exploring these bases elucidates the interdisciplinary nature of civil engineering and its role in addressing societal needs while minimizing environmental impact and maximizing structural integrity.