$(15$ Marks$)$ QUESTION $4$ Read the following case extract and answer ALL questions that follow. Grit, defined as passion and perseverance for long$-$term goals, has attracted attention as a valid predictor of long$-$term success in various fields and is currently a global topic of discussion for investors, entrepreneurs, managers, leaders, psychologists, and others $($Duckworth and Quinn, $2009$; Duckworth, Peterson, Matthews and Kelly $2007).$ Duckworth et al$.(2007$:$1087)$ defined it as "the tendency to sustain interest in and effort toward very long$-$term goals. It equips individuals to pursue especially challenging aims over years and even decades." The interface between grit and entrepreneurship is an increasing research domain $($Baron$,2012$; Curtis, $2008$; Duckworth et al$.2007$; Worrell, $2016).$ Recent studies suggest that grit is shared by most prominent leaders in many fields. Furthermore, studies suggest that measures of grit are a more accurate predictor of entrepreneurial success than talent, or general indicators of intelligence $($Duckworth$,$ Kirby, Tsukayama, Berstein, and Ericsson, $2011$; Gleeson, $2016$; Lesonsky, $2014).$ Mr Thabo Botha, a business researcher, has decided to investigate whether there is an association between the grit of Entrepreneur Owner$-$managers $($EOMs$)$ and their attitude to entrepreneurial success in a developing economy like South Africa. Having hypothesised that there is a significant association between grit and attitudes to entrepreneurial success, he is particularly interested in studying the relationship between the grit of individuals who pioneer start$-$ups in the IT sector and the success of such business endeavours. $4\mathrm{.}1.$ Briefly discuss the aim$($s$)$ of Thabo's study $(3$ marks$)4\mathrm{.}2.$ Highlight the significance of Thabo's study? $(2$ marks$)4\mathrm{.}3.$ State Thabo's null and alternative hypothesis. $(2$ marks$)4\mathrm{.}4.$ If Thabo's research instrument is the same as the one below: Part A: Demographics $1.$ Gender Male Female $2.$ Age Less than $20$ years old $20-30$ years Old $30-40$ years old $40-50$ years Old Older than $50$ years old $3.$ How long have you been working as an entrepreneur? $<1$ year $1-5$ years $6-10$ years $11-15$ years $>15$ years $4.$ Education Level Matric Diploma Bachelor Masters Doctorate me at all $1$ Part B: Measures of Grit This section measures your grit level. Please put an x or $($V$)$ in the applicable box to rate your level of agreement or disagreement with each of the following statements. Mark one box only. # Item$/$Measure Very much Mostly Somewhat Not much Not like like me like me like me like me New ideas and projects sometimes distract me from previous ones. $2$ Setbacks don't discourage me$.3$ I have been obsessed with a certain idea or project for a short time but later lost interest. I am a hard worker. I often set a goal but later choose to pursue a different one. $6$ I have difficulty maintaining my focus on projects that take more than a few months to complete I finish whatever I begin. $8$ I am diligent. $457$ Part C: Attitude towards Success as an Entrepreneur This section measures your attitude towards entrepreneurial success. Please put an xor $($V$)$ in the applicable box to rate your level of agreement or disagreement with each of the following statements. Mark one box only. # Attitude toward Success Strongly Disagree Neither agree Agree Strongly Disagree nor disagree Agree $1$ I see myself as successful entrepreneur. $2$ I have worked hard but I am not yet at a place where I can consider myself successful. $3$ Entrepreneurial success starts with a mindset. $4$ I am determined and unwavering in my desire to succeed as an entrepreneur. $5$ I am struggling to survive as an entrepreneur. Success is the farthest thing from my mind. $6$ I am not giving up; one day I will taste success. $71$ set goals and follow them unwaveringly. $81$ set goals but I always allow for changes as and when hecessary. $0004\mathrm{.}4\mathrm{.}1.$ Identify TWO $(2)$ levels of measurement in this questionnaire, and state one property of each. $(2$ marks$)$