1. Argue;

Concept formation in qualitative research is a systematic process whereby the researcher sets definitions for important concepts that emerge during the research. It is an essential precondition for all empirical research. These definitions help to provide the parameters for the qualitative study. As qualitative researchers, the key is to define the key concepts that are used in research, creating definitions that help identify the concept in relation to other concepts.

2. Argue and Explain:

Measurement validity refers to how accurately a method measures what it is intended to measure. If research has high validity that means it produces results that correspond to real properties, characteristics, and variations in the physical or social world. It is essential to maximize measurement validity by adhering to the data and not allowing unobserved or unmeasurable concepts to get in the way. "Validity refers to measuring what we think we are measuring" (King et al., 1994, p. 25).

References

King, G., Keohane, R. O., Verba, S., & Keohane, R. O. O. (1994).Designing social inquiry: Scientific inference in qualitative research. Princeton University Press.