Question: (1.) Consider a spacetime in which only photons (i. e., electromagnetic waves) are present. (a.) What must be the value of the curvature (Ricci) scalar

(1.) Consider a spacetime in which only photons (i. e., electromagnetic waves) are present. (a.) What must be the value of the curvature (Ricci) scalar R in such a spacetime? (b. ) How does your result change if you now add a perfect fluid of massless particles, not necessarily photons? (c.) Find a condition on the sign of the Ricci (curvature) scalar for a spacetime filled with some arbitrary perfect fluid

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