1. Identify and note the main points , and finally write a precis for the following passage drawn from the World Development Report 2023. [10 marks] Foreign Nationals or Foreign-born? Many statistical databases and research studies define migrants as foreign-born people because most censuses, population registers, and surveys include a question on place of birth. By contrast, information on citizenship is not collected systematically, and in some cases respondents may be reluctant to share their legal status if, for example, they are undocumented. In some countries, the census authorities are even prohibited from asking about citizenship status. Yet defining migrants as foreign-born is not equivalent to defining them as foreign nationals. Foreign-born implies that being a migrant is a lifelong status that will never change, not even through naturalization or full cultural and political integration. It also implicitly establishes differences among citizens based on their personal history. In countries where the terms migrant and alien are synonymous, discrimination can be perpetuated or reinforced. By contrast, a focus on foreign nationality makes it possible to better isolate the specific challenges that stem from lack of citizenship. In practice, use of the foreign-born definition results in the categorization of larger numbers of people as migrants, which, in turn, influences perceptions, politics, and policy making in destination countries. For example, even though a relatively large number of migrants are eventually naturalized, under the foreign born definition they are still counted as migrants. In the United States, 54 percent of foreign-born people are naturalized citizens, and the numbers are high as well in many high-income member countries of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (figure B1.1.1). Large discrepancies between the number of foreign-born and the number of foreign nationals also arise from changes in borders. For example, following the breakup of the Soviet Union and of Yugoslavia, some people who were born in what once was a unified country found themselves counted as foreign-born if they ended up living in another part of the country when it became independent. For an older generation, the partition of British India generated significant population movements, and it still accounts for as many as 2 million foreign-born people. The limitations of the foreign-born definition of migrants become obvious when considering the many political leaders who happened to be born in a foreign country and yet are prominent citizens of their nation. Among them are former king Juan Carlos of Spain, former presidents Abdelaziz Bouteflika of Algeria, Ian Khama of Botswana, and Toomas Ilves of Estonia, and former prime ministers Tony Abbott of Australia, Manuel Valls of France, Manmohan Singh of India, Shimon Peres of Israel, Boris Johnson of the United Kingdom, and Moana Carcasses Kalosil of Vanuatu, to name just a few. 2. Write a notice and agenda for a meeting to be conducted by the director board of the solar panel manufacturer Agni Inc. The broad purpose of the meeting is to discuss various aspects of their recent annual report and set plans for course-correction, as well as further improvement beyond the achieved outcomes. Invent necessary details. [10 marks] 3. In your role as the District Magistrate, you have been tasked to produce a two-page memorandum report on the recent floods in Himachal Pradesh, to be submitted to the Chief Secretary of the state. The report is to be submitted in memorandum format, including only a brief summary of the flood damage. You may invent necessary details or source them from current news and analysis. [10 marks]