1. Identify Process and elaborate the activities 2. Draw Process Flow Diagrams in MS VISIO or any cross-functional Visio online or any cross-functional online and use the same shape

1. Paper-based process

In many organizations, the coordination of work across the process is not very efcient, is time consuming, and results in numerous problems: delays, excess inventory, and lack ofvisibility across the process. Lets take a closer look at each ofthese problems.

a) Delays in Executing the Process

The rst consequence of poor coordination is delays caused by the time it takes to communicate information among different parts of the process. When an organization performs thiscoordination manuallyfor example, by using the multi partsales order document in our fulllment processdelays areinevitable. Further, requiring employees to complete, forward, and le paperwork wastes time that they could be devoting to their tasks. Finally, in addition to causing delays, this paperwork constitutes a signicant cost incurred by the company. Figure 1illustrates the two sources of delays in the fulllment process: delays due to the need to maintain paperwork and delays in sending the paperwork to other functions. Delays occur in the form of increased lead times (e.g., how far in advance a company must plan to obtain raw materials from its suppliers) and cycle times (i.e., the amount of time needed to produce a product or process a customer order). Increased lead times can cause a company to have an insufcient inventory of material when it is needed. Increased cycle times can prevent the company from producing goods and lling customer orders in a timely manner. Both of these problems can lead to lost sales.

Figure 1 A paper-based process