1. Using a process that you are familiar with, identify the bottleneck of the process, identify the drum, buffer, rope of the process. Using the same process, identify conditions that would lead to the bottleneck changing or shifting away from the existing one.

2. Using a process you are familiar with it can be the same as above), explain in terms of a lean system the value added and non-value added (waste) activities. Relate the non-value activities to the eight types of waste shown in Table 6.1. Based on the process considerations presented in the text, what ideas/layout changes would you recommend to reduce/eliminate the waste from the process.