1.Explain that creating a shell script is as simple as creating a file and then assigning execute permission for it. By default, files cannot be executed; not even root can execute a file unless the file owner adds execute permission manually. This security feature is in place to ensure that only scripts and programs are executed.

2. Explain that the head command displays the first 10 lines of a text file. Use examples to aid the discussion

3. Discuss the importance of securing file permissions.

4. What are some of the problems caused by unsecured permissions?

5. Discuss the use of safe permissions.

6. What are the steps involved in modifying the read and write access permissions of a file from the command line? Submit your answer in a report.

7. What are the steps involved in modifying the read and write access permissions of a file from an FTP client? Submit your answer in a report.