1.What is special about an archival study? Give an example of a research question a psychologist might be able to answer using archival data. Give an example of a question that would not lend itself to an archival study. Justify your answer.

2. When identifying cause and effect relationships, psychologists often distinguish between necessary and sufficient conditions. Explain what each of these is. Give examples of necessary and sufficient conditions for a student to do well on this test

3.Research on the geographic origin of homo sapiens often frustrates nonscientists because popular hypotheses may be aggressively challenged and overturned by new studies. Which term best describes competition among scientific theories?

4.Wally disproved Julie's assertion that "he only thinks about himself" by recalling when he helped start her car in freezing weather. Which principle did Wally use?

5.Peter is about to visit his 2-year-old nephew for the very first time. Peter read that infants learn to walk by their first birthday, so he concludes that his nephew must be able to walk. This conclusion demonstrates