1.What is the average memory access time for the processor described below?

The memory system has a cache access time (including hit detection) of 1 clock cycle

The clock rate is 1 ns

The miss penalty is 25 clock cycles

1% of instructions are not found in the cache

5% of data references are not found in the case

15% of memory accesses are for data

Note: Assume that the read and write penalties are the same; other write stalls can be ignored.

5 ns

1.2 ns

1.4 ns 25ns

2.Order the memory technologies starting with the fasted typical access time as 1 and the slowest typical access time as3 SRAM: DRAM: Magnetic Disk: a 1 b 2 c 3