2 (a) In what ways are Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs) different from Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) and Crowdfunding? What challenges are there with ICOs?

b) Management of your corporation is interested in identifying the underlying structure of the data to find useful associations and patterns useful for customer segmentation and suggestions on the corporation's website. What machine learning options are available for management? Explain the various categories of techniques that can be employed to address specific needs.

3 ( a) Concepts like artificial intelligence, data science, machine learning, and deep learning are often used in the media and in practice without a clear explanation of their differences and similarity. Provide an explanation of these four concepts and their relationships.

( b) What are the differences between Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) and Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS)? Under what circumstances would you prefer one over the other?

4 (a) In recent times, regulatory and market-driven factors have driven banks and other financial institutions towards opening access to customer data to approved third-party providers. Identify and explain the risks and benefits of open banking for the incumbent banks and third-party providers.

( b) Insurance is one of the key product clusters in the FinTech ecosystem. In what ways is technology enabling insurance business?

PLease add relevant references.