(2 marks) Suppose you assess that the certainty equivalent for a lotto, with a 50% chance of Y=8 and a 50% chance of Y=16, does not depend on the level at which the cost X is fixed. As long as preferences for lotteries in the completion-time attribute (Y) are the same (as, say, measured by their certainty equivalents) regardless of the fixed level of cost (X), then completion time is a. Additive independent of cost b. Preferentially independent of cost c. Utility independent of cost d. Utility dependent of cost e. None of the above