2 True/False (20 points, each valuing at 1 point) 1) Effectiveness is concerned with the means of getting things done, while efficiency is concerned with the attainment of organizational goals. 2) Technical skills become less important as a manager moves into higher levels of management 3) According to Adam Smith, division of labor was an important concept. 4) Based on his scientific management principles, Taylor suggested the incentive pay principle. 5) Henri Fayol identified five functions of managers: planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and controlling. 6) An increasing body of evidence suggests that strong cultures are associated with high organizational performance. 7) The fourth step of the decision-making process requires the decision maker to list viable alternatives that could resolve the problem. 8) Programmed decisions tend to be repetitive and routine. 9) In MBO, or management by objectives, goals are often less well-defined, giving managers and employees more flexibility to respond to changing conditions. 10) The most fundamental questions about strategy address why firms, facing the same environmental conditions, have varying levels of performance. 11) When decisions tend to be made at lower levels in an organization, the organization is said to be decentralized. 12) When effective implementation of company strategies depends on managers having involvement and flexibility to make decisions, the company is probably more decentralized. 13) The degree of formalization varies widely between organizations and even within organizations. 14) An organic organization tends to be characterized by high specialization, extensive departmentalization, narrow spans of control, high formalization, a limited information network, and little participation in decision making by low-level employees. 15) The relationship between organizational size and structure tends to be linear. 16) Joan Woodward attempted to view organizational structure from a technological perspective