2) When considering centralization versus decentralization, organizations must consider whether top management should retain greater control. The list below provides the names of various firms along with a description that illustrates if the organization is centralized or decentralized. First, based on the description, identify if each firm operates a centralized or decentralized organization. Then, highlight if the description shows an advantage or disadvantage of the organizational structuring. I provide an example in (a). a) ProTool: Senior management at Protool tightly controls quality to avoid defects (This is a centralized organization and an advantage) b) App-el Games: Programmers at App-el Games monitor online gamer communities for fresh ideas. If they find a great idea, they start work on it immediately to be first to market. c) BigAir Boards: Because each department chooses its own parts suppliers, BigAir Boards often experiences delays in getting snowboards from the plants to the stores. d) Mr. Burger: Mr. Burger is able to move customers through quickly during busy hours due to strong management oversight. e) Computer Inc: At Computer Inc., all orders for custom-designed systems must be approved by the manager, so it can take weeks for customers to receive their new systems. f) Ritz Hotels: Employees at Ritz Hotels are authorized to spend, without permission, as much as $2,000 to resolve customer problems quickly. (5 points)