2006EHR Assignment - Workplace Audit / Inspection Introduction (introduction & Presentation worth 5 Marks) Recommend 2 paragraphs Paragraph 1 - Provide overview of workplace; what it is, where it is, who owns it, nature of work; nature of workforce (no need for references here) Paragraph 2 - introduces; (a) An overview of industry statistics, including rate of injury, mechanism of most common and or serious injuries in this industry and how compares with wider workforce (b) A brief summary of the H&S duties and steps stipulated in law that workplaces should follow to minimise such risks and be legally compliant with duties under WHS Act and supporting legislation (ie WHS Regulation 2011 & Codes of Practice) (c) Brief statement of exactly what this Inspection focused on. This should identify BOTH the workplace inspected and particular hazard you focused on (here you may wish to note that in looking at a particular hazard you only focused on one part of the workplace) (d) Conclusion: briefly states whether or not workplace is compliant with WH&S law Industry research (Industry research worth 6 Marks) Recommend 2-3 paragraphs Paragraphs 1-2 should summarise National and Qld H&S statistics that relate to your industry Final paragraph - here you comment on the statistics and, where necessary, their limitations. Social Factors (social factors worth 5 Marks) Recommend 2 paragraphs Paragraph 1 - Provide overview of the more formal factors that shape work at the workplace (Note: this paragraph should both restate and expand what you said in paragraph 1 of your introduction). It should include (a) The workplace, who owns it, what it does, where it is (b) How competitive is the industry (ie does it face a lot of competition) (c) Does it have formal HRM and H&S Dpts and staff? (d) Unionised? Paragraph 2 - Provide overview of more informal factors at work such as (a) Who are the workers? (casual, full-time, part-time, students, backbackers, age) (b) What are the customers like (c) What is the pace of work like (d) What are the main job tasks, and the support - physically & organisationally - to carry them out Inspection Results - Summary of Duties and Overall Compliance & Consultative Arrangements (Duties, compliance and consultation worth 12 Marks) * NOTE: This section is associated with Tables 1, 2 & 3 First paragraph/s should provide a summary of your observations regarding whether the WORKPLACE AS A WHOLE is meeting its duties under the WH&S Act 2011 & WHS Regulation. Provide Appendix Tables (See Example attached on next 3 pages) as supporting documentation for legal criteria in terms of the following: Begin here by stating clearly who has the primary duty of care at the workplace. Follow this by setting out the LEGAL criteria against which you used to assess the workplace's performance & degree of compliance (see Table 1 for details). Also outline who else has duties and evidence as to legal compliance or otherwise (see Table 1 for details). Here, provide a BRIEF SUMMARY OF HAZARDS, CONTROLS AND RISKS YOU FOUND AS EVIDENCE OF LEGAL COMPLIANCE. Make this brief as you will return to this in detail in the next sections Also outline the state of the OHS SYSTEM that exists to identify hazards, assess risks and implement controls (see Table 2 for details) Also outline the extent to which the Workplace has consultative arrangements in place to help it meet its duties (see Table 3 for details). Inspection Results - Hazards, Risk and Controls (Hazards, Risk and Controls worth 12 Marks) * NOTE: This section is associated with Tables 4, 5, 6 & 7 The main purpose of this section is to indicate (a) the major hazards that you found at the workplace and the associated hazard (this goes with Table 4) - for example, the noise from the noisy machine is a hazard and the associated work activity is operating the noisy machine. With each hazard, indicate the legislative requirement that goes with it. For example, legal exposure to Noise is regulated by the Workplace Health & Safety Regulation, 2011: s. 56 + Prevention of Noise Code of Practice (b) the major risks that you found (this goes with Table 5) - this follows on from above. For example, the risk from operating a noisy machine is industrial deafness (c) calculation of risk (this goes with Table 6) - here you indicate the likelihood of the risk resulting in injury and disease, the consequences and the a risk rating. For this part, you will need to also provide risk calculations (d) the controls that exist (this goes with Table 7) SUPPORTING TABLES Table 1: Duties Person with duties Employer (PCBU) Legislative sections WHS Act. S. 19 Evidence of compliance / Noncompliance Poor /Medium / Good Compliance: Many manual task hazards Electrical hazards Table 2: System of Risk Management WHS Regulation Criteria Set Finding WHS Reg. 35 Identify all hazards in consultation with workplace managers (officers) and workers Table 3: Consultation Consultative role / body Health and Safety Rep (HSR) - carrying out functions Legislative sections WHS Act s.68 Evidence meeting consultative Provisions HSR regularly undertakes Inspections Table 4: Hazard Identification Register Identify the task or activity What is a hazard associated with the task or activity Legislative section relevant to Hazard Hazard Ref. No. H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 H6 Table 5: Risk Identification Register Hazard Risk Factors Ref. No. Outcome of Exposure Who may be affected Who has Primary duty of Care Risk Ref. No. H1 R1 H2 R2 H3 R3 H4 R4 H5 R5 H6 R6 Table 6: Risk Assessment (see appended risk calculators for details) Risk Estimated Likelihood Estimated Consequences Risk rating Medium Likelihood Minor soft-tissue injury Low Likely Major Injury Very High Ref. No. R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 Note: With Table 6 you MUST do this in association with Risk Calculations that MUST be appended with the assignment Table 7: Controlling Risk - Legislative requirements For each of the identified risks ascertain the legislative requirement for control For example; Risk - Noise exposure; Risk Legislative Requirements Ref. No. R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 2006EHR Audit Marking criteria (2-pages) Writing style (Max 5 marks) The Paper is POORLY and contains a significant number of spelling and grammatical errors (0/5) The Paper is ADEQUTELY written (there are a number of places where it is not clear, concise and wellorganised) and contains a number of presentation and language errors (2.5 /3) The Paper is SATISFACTORILY WRITTEN (there are a few places where it is not clear, concise and wellorganised but has some spelling and grammatical errors (3.5/3) The Paper is WELL WRITTEN (with sub-headings as required), and is clear, concise and readable. It has some spelling and grammatical errors and a competent introduction/conclusion.(5 /5) Industry Research (Max 6 marks) The Paper shows little evidence of research into industry employment patterns, injury rates and mechanisms of injury (0/6) The Paper makes at least a minimal effort in terms of research into industry employment patterns, injury rates and mechanisms of injury (2/6) The Paper makes a competent effort in terms of research into industry employment patterns, injury rates and mechanisms of injury (4/6) The Paper makes a COMPREHENSIVE effort in terms of research into industry employment patterns, injury rates and mechanisms of injury (6 / 6) Social Factors (Max 5 marks) No identification or discussion of interrelationship social factors with observed pattern of H&S - 0/5 Only basic observations on social factors that may impact on H&S - 2/5 Competent identification of some social factors that may impact on H&S - 3.5/5 Extensive identification of possible impact of number social factors on H&S - 5/5 Inspection Results - Duties, Compliance & Consultation (Max 12 marks) No or very little identification of legal OHS duties and / or measures of compliance and / or discussion of consultative arrangements (either present or absent). Information in both body & tables lacking or largely in error - 0/ 12 A minimal identification of legal OHS duties and / or measures of compliance and / or discussion of consultative arrangements (either present or absent). Information in both body & tables of poor standard with major errors or omissions - 2.5 / 12 A modest identification of legal OHS duties and / or measures of compliance and / or discussion of consultative arrangements (either present or absent). Information in tables of poor standard with significant errors or omissions - 5/12 An uneven identification of legal OHS duties and / or measures of compliance and / or discussion of consultative arrangements (either present or absent). Information in tables of mixed standard with significant errors or omissions - 6 / 12 A passable identification of legal OHS duties and / or measures of compliance and / or discussion of consultative arrangements (either present or absent). Information in tables of mixed standard with errors or omissions - 7 / 12 A competent identification of legal OHS duties and / or measures of compliance and / or discussion of consultative arrangements (either present or absent). Information in tables of good standard although some notable errors or omissions - 9 / 12 A good identification of legal OHS duties and / or measures of compliance and / or discussion of consultative arrangements (either present or absent). Information in tables of good standard with few errors / omissions - 10/ 12 An excellent identification of legal OHS duties and / or measures of compliance and / or discussion of consultative arrangements (either present or absent). Information in tables of excellent standard with only minor errors or omissions - 11 / 12 An outstanding identification of OHS duties and / or measures of compliance and / or discussion of consultative arrangements. Information in tables of excellent standard. No errors / omissions - 12 /12 Inspection Results - Hazards and Risks (Max 12 marks) No or very little identification of hazards or risks and / major errors in legislative compliance measures. Information in both body & tables lacking or largely in error - 0/ 12 A minimal identification of hazards or risks and / major errors in legislative compliance measures. Information in both body & tables of poor standard with major errors or omissions - 2.5/ 12 A modest identification of hazards or risks and / major errors in legislative compliance measures. Information in both body & tables of poor standard with significant errors or omissions - 5/ 12 An uneven identification of hazards or risks and / major errors in legislative compliance measures. Information in both body & tables of mixed standard with significant errors or omissions - 6 / 12 A passable identification of hazards or risks and / major errors in legislative compliance measures. Information in both body & tables of mixed standard with errors or omissions - 7 / 12 A competent identification of hazards or risks and / major errors in legislative compliance measures. Information in both body & tables of good standard although some notable errors or omissions - 9 / 12 A good identification of hazards or risks and / major errors in legislative compliance measures. Information in both body & tables of good standard with few errors or omissions - 10 / 12 An excellent identification of hazards or risks and / major errors in legislative compliance measures. Information in both body & tables of excellent standard with only minor errors or omissions - 11/ 12 An outstanding identification of hazards or risks and / major errors in legislative compliance measures. Information in both body & tables of excellent standard with no errors or omissions - 12 / 12 TOTAL = / 40 2006EHR Assignment Morningside General Practice Clinic- Audit/Inspection Lecturer: Professor Bradley Bowden Introduction This report will assess the information found during a health and safety inspection conducted at Morningside General Practice Clinic (MGPC) in May 2016. MGPC is a private practice located in Morningside, Queensland. The practice was established approximately 30 years ago by Dr Allan Phillips. Since then, ownership been shared between Dr Phillips, Dr Colin Kratzing and Dr Heather Jenkins. The practice has recently moved locations from Wynnum Road to the Morningside Complex on Junction Road to cater for its growth. The site is freshly renovated with a large reception area, ten rooms, a tea room, two bathrooms and a small conjoining pharmacy. It currently has 20 contracted doctors who all work different hours and collectively see more than 1000 patients a week. This report will firstly look at the social factors relating to the practice and the statistics surrounding the Health Care Industry. This report will then discuss the duties, compliance and consultation arrangements of MGPC. Lastly, this report will discuss the eight major hazards identified during the inspection, the risks associated with these hazards and the appropriate control measures to be implemented. Industry Research 1 Whilst on the decline, the amount of Workers' Compensation Claims in the health and community services industry each year remains vast. Data from Safe Work Australia shows that for the period of 2012-2013 there were 19 125 successful Workers' Compensations claims in the health and community services industry for serious injury or disease (Safe Work Australia, Health and Community Services, 2013). Over a period of five years, this industry accounted for the highest number of all serious Australian Workers' Compensation Claims (14%) (Safe Work Australia, Health and Community Services, 2013). This equates to approximately 50 claims per day from health care employees. Majority of these employees required one or more weeks off work. Of these serious claims, 52% were due to muscular stress while handing objects, 18% were due to falls, trips and slips caused by wet floors and falling over hazards, and 11% were due to being assaulted by persons or accidently hit (Safe Work Australia, Health and Community Services, 2013). When looking at the data from each Australian state and territory between 2011-2012, Queensland recorded the 3rd highest incident rate with 15.9 claims per 1000 employees. Tasmania recorded the highest overall incident rate with 18.3 claims and Northern Territories recorded the lowest incident rate with 7.6 claims (Safe Work Australia, Health and Community Services, 2013). However, all of these statistics are very broad as they are looking at the healthcare industry overall. According to Australian Workers' Compensation Statistics 2011-2012, medical and dental services employ approximately 13% of the employees in the health and community services industry, however only account for approximately 2 percent of all serious claims (Safe Work Australia, 2012). These figures are very low when compared with other healthcare industry groups. Hospitals and nursing homes employ approximately 46% of employees in the industry and account for more than 50% of serious claims. Community care services employ approximately 17% of employees in the industry and account for approximately 28% of serious claims. These figures prove that medical and dental services only account for a small proportion of total claims in the health and community services industry (Safe Work Australia, 2012) The incident and frequency rate for serious injury in the medical and dental services are also very low. In 2011-2012 the incident rate of serious clams in the medical and dental services was 2.1. This means that there were only 2.1 serious claims per 1000 employees. The frequency rate of serious claims in the medical and dental services during this period was 1.4. This means that was only 1.4 serious claims per million hours worked (Safe Work Australia, 2012). There are many reasons as to why medical and dental claims are so low in comparison to the other healthcare industry groups. Firstly, 2 many general practitioners and dentists are not considered workers for Australian Workers' Compensation purposes. Most doctors are independent contractors and only considered a worker for the purpose of the Work Health and Safety Act, 2011. Therefore, they are unable to make Workers' Compensation claims. Additionally, many general practitioner clinics and dental practices are small, family-oriented and do not have a well-developed Human Resource Management (HRM) system, thus many claims would not be made. Social Factors MGPC is privately owned by Dr Allan Phillips, Dr Colin Kratzing and Dr Heather Jenkins. Dr Allan Phillips is the only owner who continues to work as a general practitioner (GP) at the practice. Dr Colin 3 Kratzing has just recently retired and Dr Heather Jenkins is working as a skin specialist at a different clinic. The role of a General Practitioner (GP) is to provide primary medical care. This involves treating patients with minor or chronic illnesses and referring patients with serious conditions to a specialist. The practice has recently moved into the Morningside Plaza on Junction Road. There is currently three general practitioner clinics in Morningside alone and 16 general practitioner clinics in less than 20 kilometres. Therefore, there is a lot of competition for MGPC however fortunately research indicates that 93% of Australians tend to always visit the same general practitioner (Australian Government; Department of Health, 2015). One differentiating aspect about MGPC and the other practices in Morningside is that MGPC is a private practice that does not bulk bill. The practice charges $78 for a standard appointment and Medicare gives an instant rebate of $37. In exchange for this fee, MGPC doctors and staff go above and beyond to follow up medical results and provide upmost service. This attracts many patients who want continuity of care. The practice is very family friendly with many doctors specialising in paediatric care. Currently the practice sees more than 1000 patients each week. Because of this, the practice operates at a very fast pace. The receptionists and nurses are required to work very quickly in order to stay on top of their work. The practice currently has no formal HRM system. There is no Health and Safety Representative (HSR) and no Health and Safety Committee. Whilst there is a union for healthcare and administrative workers, no workers of MGPC are members. Workers of the practice consist of four nurses and eight receptionists. Majority of the nurses and receptionists are employed on a permanent full-time basis. However, there are a few casual receptionists who work on the weekends or when their schedule permits. Most of the full time staff members have been with the practice for more than 10 years. The doctors and other allied health practitioners who work out of the clinic are all independent contractors of MGPC. They choose the hours that they work and agree on other conditions of their contract. These conditions include, how long their appointments will run for, how many patients they will see, if they will fit in patients who don't have an appointment, any special room requirements etc. The doctors are paid directly by the patients and then give MGPC a percentage of their wage for the room that they use and the nurse/reception staff that assist them. Under the Work Health and Safety Act 2011 these doctors are considered workers of MGPC. However, they are not considered workers of MGPC for the purpose of Australian Workers' Compensation. The practice is managed by Janine Kneebone. Janine works full time and has an office at MGPC. 4 The age range of MGPC patients is vastly varied. Many of the aged pensioners (above 65) have been with the practice for up to 30 years. They have established a relationship with one or many of the doctors. All of their medical records are stored in the practice data base and with each visit they receive ongoing care and support. Many of their grown up children are also patients of the practice and have been visiting the practice for majority of their lives. These patients are beginning to have their own children who they bring to the practice. In addition to these life-long patients, MGPC sees many new patients on a daily basis. On most week days MGPC opens as early as 7:30am and remains open until 9:00pm. Typically there are 10 doctors consulting throughout the day. There are usually always two nurses working from 9am5pm and up to four receptionists working alternate shifts throughout the day. After 6pm at night there is often only one receptionist and one doctor working. This is also the case for Saturday and Sunday shifts. The practice is constantly booked out, thus there is always a lot of work to be done. The nurses' main duties involve changing patient dressings, giving injections, cleaning out ear wax, typing patient notes, assisting with any minor operations, changing bed linen and sterilising the equipment. The receptionist's main duties involve checking patients in upon arrival, billing patients on the way out, scanning, answering phones, typing emails and cleaning the doctor's rooms at the end of the day. Workers are given one 10-minute break and one 30-minute break during an eight-hour shift. The workload is often very heavy and as a result the workers tend to be rather tense whilst at work. Inspection Results - Summary of Duties and Overall Compliance & Consultative Arrangements MGPC has a rather informal occupational health and safety system. Due to the lack of a health and safety representative, health and safety committee, and HRM system; MGPC does not have a strict 5 process which services to identify hazards, assess risks and implement controls. However due to strict regulation and regular accreditation, the practice endeavours to abide by all health and safety requirements. Morningside General Practice Clinic has the primary duty of care as the person conducting a business or undertaking (PCBU). This is evident when looking at the employees pay slip and the ABN on each receipt. The PCBU has many legal requirements to follow under the Work Health and Safety Act 2011 and the Work Health and Safety Regulation 2011. MGPC has obligations as the PCBU to adhere to sections 19, 20 and 21 of the Work Health and Safety Act 2011; and sections 35- 38 and 40-44 of the Work Health and Safety Regulation. As demonstrated in appendix 1, MGPC is compliant with most of the legislative requirements. However, the walkway is uneven at MGPC with a sudden steep slope in the hall. This is a tripping hazard for workers, patients and other persons visiting the practice. Because of this, MGPC is non-compliant with: Section 40(c) of the Work Health and Safety Regulation 2011- The PCBU must ensure that the floors and other surfaces are designed, installed and maintained; Section 19(1) of the Work Health and Safety Act 2011- The PCBU must ensure as is reasonably practicable, the health and safety of workers while the workers are at work in the business of undertaking; Section 19(3)(a) of the Work Health and Safety Act 2011- The PCBU must ensure the provision and maintenance of a work environment without risks to health and safety; and Section 20(2) of the Work Health and Safety Act 2011- The PCBU must ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, that the workplace, the means of entering and exiting the workplace and anything arising from the workplace do not affect the health and safety of any person. As officers of MGPC; the practice owners and the practice manager all have obligations under the Act which they must adhere to. It was found during the inspection that the officers were all compliant with their due diligence duties. In addition to this, all of the workers of MGPC were compliant with their duties. This is demonstrated in appendix 1. Furthermore, appendix 2 outlines the duties of the consultative bodies. These bodies are MGPC, the Health and Safety Representative, the Health and Safety Committee and Entry Permit Holders. It is their duty to carry out inspections, investigate health and safety complaints and hold regular meetings (WHS Act s.46, s.47. s.68, s.90). MGPC was compliant with all consultation responsibilities. The 6 practice holds regular meetings, writes a monthly practice newsletter, has a notice board in the kitchen and sends regular emails around to inform the workers of all matters relating to health and safety at the workplace. MGPC does not have a Health and Safety Representative or a Health and Safety Committee. Therefore, their duty to consult is non-applicable. As for the Entry Permit Holders, there are multiple unions which represent the employees of MGPC. The doctors are represented by the Australian Salaried Medical Officers' Federation Queensland (ASMOFQ) and the receptionists and nurses are represented by the Australian Services Union (ASU). Occasionally these union members inspect the practice to ensure that it is following safety measures. Whilst no workers of MGPC are members of the unions, they are able to discuss any concerns with the unions upon inspection of the practice (WHS Act s.121 (1)). Inspection Results - Summary of Hazards, Risk and Controls Eight hazards were identified during the inspection of MGPC. The tasks associated with these hazards and the relevant legislation is listed in appendix 3. HAZARD 1 7 Seeing 1000 patients each week, puts MGPC workers at risk of being physically assaulted. This can result in a serious injury caused from high and sudden force (HMT. CoP s.2.2 & s.3.3). Some of MGPC'S patients have drug dependences and are often made to wait long periods of time if the doctor is running behind. These risk factors increase the likeliness of an assault occurring (appendix 4). Whilst the likelihood of this occurring is still rare, the estimated consequences are a moderate to major injury. Therefore, the risk rating for this hazard is calculated to be moderate to high (appendix 5). This means a decision must be made on a suitable control measure and must be implemented immediately. An effective control measure would be to alter the system of work by ensuring that two receptionists work together at all times. Additionally, it is recommended that MGPC installs security cameras and a panic button under the desk, prevent public access to the practice at night without an appointment, and secure all drugs, script paper and cash securely (Preventing and responding to workrelated violence, 2014) HAZARD 2 Workers are required to reach and lift heavy boxes of stock which are stored in a cupboard above shoulder level. This can result in a muscular-skeletal disorder caused by the high and sudden force of the mass (HMT. CoP s.2.2 & s.3.3). There is a heightened risk of this occurring due to the pace and age of the workers. The risk rating was calculated to be high to acute, meaning urgent action must be taken (appendix 5). The most effective control measure is to communicate with the supplier, in an attempt to reduce the large orders of stock to smaller and more frequent orders. The reduced levels of stock will mean that workers will no longer need to store it away (HMT.CoP.s 4.2). The second most effective control measure would be to alter the design of the workplace. New shelves should be installed between waist and shoulder height to ensure safe lifting (HMT.CoP.s 4.3). HAZARD 3 MGPC receptionists sit at their desks for approximately eight hours per day with only one 10-minute break and one 30-minute break. This can result in a muscular-skeletal disorder caused by sustained posture (HMT.CoP.s 4.3). The age and workload of the workers increases the chances of this hazard occurring. This hazard was given a high risk rating (appendix 5). The most effective control measure would be to change the workplace design through purchasing height adjustable desks (HMT.CoP.s 4.3). The second recommendation is to alter the system of work through job rotation and more frequent breaks (HMT.CoP.s 4.7). HAZARD 4 MGPC workers could be exposed to legionnaires' disease through working in air-conditioning powered by a cooling tower. This disease can be life-threatening and therefore appropriate control measures must be in place to ensure this does not occur. The most effective control measures, as recommended by Work Safe QLD, is regular maintenance, water treatment, inspection, cleaning and disinfecting the cooler tower (Guide to Legionella control in cooling water systems, including cooling towers, 2013). HAZARD 5 Due to the low height of the front desk, MGPC receptionists are required to continuously look up at standing patients throughout the day. This can be very uncomfortable for the workers and cause a muscular-skeletal disorder from prolonged awkward posture (HMT.CoP.s 4.7). The risk rating given to 8 this hazard was high and therefore a control measure must be implemented straight away to either eliminate the hazard or reduce the risk (appendix 5). The most effective control measure would be to raise the desk height or to purchase adjustable desks (HMT.CoP.s 4.3).The second control measure recommended is to provide workers with more frequent breaks and opportunities to rotate jobs (HMT.CoP.s 4.7). HAZARD 6 A major hazard identified at MGPC was the sudden steep slope in the hallway floor. This hazard can result in serious physical injury if a worker, patient, or other person tripped or fell. The fast pace of work and the slippery wooden floor boards contribute to the likelihood of this hazard occurring. Therefore, the risk rating for this hazard scored high to acute (appendix 5). It is recommended that MGPC resurface the floor level, provide a hand rail, put non-slip mats on the floor and/or put a \"caution- watch your step\" stick on the wall/floor (HMT.CoP.s 4.3). HAZARD 7 The lose electrical cords under the reception desk are a tripping hazard for workers. Workers are operating at such a high pace that the likelihood of this occurring is quite probable. The risk rating for this hazard is a high (appendix 5). The recommended control measure is to fit out MGPC to provide flexibility without requiring loose cables on the floor. If this is not possible, it is advised that MGPC isolates the cords with cable wraps or cable covers (Guide to preventing slips, trips and falls, 2007). HAZARD 8 Workplace bullying is prevalent among fast paced workplaces. This puts MGPC workers at risk of occurring a psychological illness. The risk rate for workplace bullying at MGPC is high (appendix 5). It is recommended that MGPC implements a workplace bullying policy. MGPC must also design a safe system of work through managing each worker's workload, developing effective communication with workers and giving workers regular breaks. Lastly, it is advised that MGPC provides training to workers and managers to address what workplace bullying is, MGPC's policy on the matter, and how/who to report workplace bullying to (Guide for preventing and responding to workplace bullying, 2013). Under section 38 of the Work Health and Safety Regulation, all control measures discussed are the responsibility of the PCBU and must be reviewed and revised under the following circumstances: The control measure does not control the risk it was implemented to control so far as is reasonably practicable; Before a change at the workplace that is likely to give rise to a new or different risk to health or safety that the measure may not effectively control; A new relevant hazard or risk is identified; The results of consultation by the duty holder under the Act or this regulation indicate that a review is necessary; A health and safety representative requests the review under subsection (WHS. Reg. S.38) 9 REFERENCES Australian Government, Department of Health (2015). General Practice Statistics. Retrieved from http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/General+Practice+Statistics-1 10 Guide to Legionella control in cooling water systems, including cooling towers. (2013). Workplace Health and Safety Queensland. Retrieved from https://www.worksafe.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0014/83201/legionellaguide.pdf Guide for preventing and responding to workplace bullying. (2013). Workplace Health and Safety Queensland. Retrieved from http://www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au/sites/SWA/about/Publications/Documents/827/Guidepreventing-responding-workplace-bullying.pdf Guide to preventing slips, trips and falls. (2007). Workplace Health and Safety Queensland. Retrieved from http://www.ergonomics.com.au/documents/Slipstripsandfall2007QLD.pdf Preventing and responding to work-related violence. (2014) Workplace Health and Safety Queensland. Retreived from https://www.worksafe.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0010/82648/preventing-respondwork-violence.pdf Safe Work Australia, (2012). Australian Workers' Compensation Claims. Retrieved from http://www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au/sites/SWA/about/Publications/Documents/874/AustralianWorkers-Compensation-Statistics-2011-12.pdf Safe Work Australia, Health and Community Services. (2013). Health Fact Sheet. Retreived from http://www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au/sites/swa/about/publications/pages/fs2010healthandcom munity Work Health and Safety Act. (2011). Retrieved from https://www.legislation.qld.gov.au/legisltn/current/w/workhsa11.pdf Work Health and Safety Regulation. (2011). Retrieved from https://www.legislation.qld.gov.au/legisltn/current/w/workhsr11.pdf APPENDIX Appendix 1- Duties Table Person with Duties Morningside General Legislative Sections WHS Act S.19 (1) Ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, the Evidence (C- compliant, NC- Non compliant) NC- Steep slope in floor is unsafe and poses a risk to health and 11 Practice Clinic (PCBU*) health and safety of workers while the workers are at work. WHS Act S.19(2) Ensure, so far as reasonably practicable, that the health and safety of other persons is not put at risk from work carried out as part of the conduct of the business WHS Act. S19 (3)(a) Ensure the provision and maintenance of a work environment without risks to health and safety WHS Act S.19(3)(b) Provide and maintain plant and structures that are safe and do not pose health risks (e.g. providing effective guards on machines) WHS Act S. 19(3)(c) Provide and maintain systems of work that are safe and do not pose health risks (e.g. regulating the pace and frequency of work) WHS Act S.19(3)(d) Ensure the safe use, handling, storage and transport of plant, structure and substances (e.g. toxic chemicals, dusts and fibres) WHS Act S. 19(3)(e) Provide adequate facilities for the welfare of workers at workplaces WHS Act S. 19(f) Provide workers with information, instruction, training or supervision needed for them to work safely and without risks to their health WHS Act S.19(3)(g) Monitor the health of the workers and the conditions of the workplace to prevent injury or illness WHS Act S.20(2) Ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, that the workplace, the means of entering and exiting the workplace and anything arising from the workplace do not affect the health and safety of any person. WHS Act S.21(2) Ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, that the fixtures, fittings and plant do not affect the health and safety of any person. WHS Reg. S.35 Identify all hazards in consultation with workplace managers (officers) and workers WHS Reg. S. 36 Implement risk control measures to minimise risks to health and safety WHS Reg. S.37 Maintain control measure so that it remains; fit for purpose, suitable for the nature and duration of the safety of persons C-Health and safety of other persons not put at risk by work carried out NC- Steep slope in floor is unsafe and poses a risk to health and safety of persons C- plant and structures are maintained so they do not pose health risks C- Breaks provided, no overtime work C- Toxic chemicals used, handled, stored and transported in a safe way C- Washroom and dining room C- Regular training provided to workers, clear instructions proved and supervision when needed C- workers able to see doctors free of charge. Workplace regularly cleaned with disinfectant to prevent illness NC- Steep slope in floor is unsafe and poses a risk to health and safety of persons C- all fixtures, fittings and plant are without risk to persons C- Regular work meetings and a newsletter to inform workers/managers of hazards C- risk control measures implemented C- Control measures maintained, set-up and used correctly 12 Worker work, installed, set up and used correctly. WHS Reg. S.38 Review and revise control measures when appropriate WHS Reg. S.40(a)&(b) Layout of the workplace allows for persons to enter and exit and to move about, and, work areas have space for work to be carried out, without risk to health and safety WHS Reg. S.40(c) Floors and other surfaces are designed, installed and maintained WHS Reg. S.40(d) Lighting enables each worker to carry out work, move within the workplace and evacuate in an emergency without risk to health and safety WHS Reg. S.40(e) Ventilation enables workers to carry out work without risk to health and safety WHS Reg. S.41 Provide and maintain adequate facilities for workers, including toilets, drinking water, washing facilities and eating facilities WHS Reg. S.42(1) Provide first aid equipment for the workplace ensure all workers have access to the equipment WHS Reg. S.42(2) Ensure adequate numbers of workers are trained to administer first aid or have access to adequate number of persons who have been trained WHS Reg. S.43 Ensure that an emergency plan is prepared for the workplace WHS Reg. S. 44(3)(a) Provide personal protective equipment (ppe) to workers which is suitable to the nature of the work, and suitable size and fit. WHS Reg. S44(3)(b) Ensure PPE is mainted, repaired or replaced to reduce risk to health and safety. Ensure the PPE is clean and hygenic, in good working. Ensure the worker uses and wears the PPE so far as reasonable practicable. WHS Act. S 28 (a) Take reasonable care for his or her own health and safety WHS Act. S 28 (b) Take reasonable care that his or her acts or omissions do not adversely affect the health and safety of other persons WHS Act. S 28 (c) C- control measures reviewed when appropriate C- Effective layout. Allows for persons to enter and exit and move about without risk to health and safety. NC- Sudden steep slope in floor of hallway. Floors maintained and kept clean. C- Lighting sufficient. Many bulbs all in working order C- Workplace ventilated C- Toilets, drinking water, washing facilities, and eating facilities all provided C- Equipment provided and accessible C-Nurses and doctors are all trained C- Emergency plan in place and is accessible to all personnel on the walls of the practice C- Disposable gloves, aprons and masks provided to all workers. Different sizes and material provided (in case of latex allergy) C- Disposable PPE replaced when running low. Workers are encouraged to use PPE and then appropriately dispose of C- PPE used, disinfectant used C- All appropriate acts followed to ensure health and safety of other C- Instructions followed 13 Allan Phillips, Colin Kratzing & Heather JenkinsPractice Owners (Officers) Comply, so far as the worker is reasonably able, with any reasonable instruction that is given by the person conducting the business or undertaking to allow the person to comply with this Act WHS Act. S 28 (d) Co-operate with any reasonable policy or procedure of the person conducting the business or undertaking relating to health or safety at the workplace that has been notified to workers. WHS Reg. S. 46 (2) The worker must, so far as the worker is reasonably able, use or wear the personal protective equipment in accordance with any information, training or reasonable instruction by the person conducting the business or undertaking WHS Reg. S. 46 (3) The worker must not intentionally misuse or damage the personal protective equipment WHS Reg. S. 46 (4) The worker must inform the person conducting the business or undertaking of any damage to, defect in or need to clean or decontaminate any of the equipment of which the worker becomes aware. WHS Act. S.27 (5)(a) Taking reasonable steps to acquire and keep up-todate knowledge of work health and safety matters WHS Act. S.27 (5) (b) Taking reasonable steps to gain an understanding of the nature of the operations of the business or undertaking of the person conducting the business or undertaking and generally of the hazards and risks associated with those operations WHS Act. S.27 (5) (c) Taking reasonable steps to ensure that the person conducting the business or undertaking has available for use, and uses, appropriate resources and processes to eliminate or minimise risks to health and safety from work carried out as part of the conduct of the business or undertaking WHS Act. S.27 (5) (d)Taking reasonable steps to ensure that the person conducting the business or undertaking has appropriate processes for receiving and considering information regarding incidents, hazards and risks and responding in a timely way to that information WHS Act. S.27 (5) (e) Taking reasonable steps to ensure that the person conducting the business or undertaking has, and implements, processes for complying with any duty or obligation of the person conducting the business or undertaking under this Act C- All Policy and procedures followed by workers C-PPE worn in accordance with training and instructions Not applicable- PPE Disposable Not applicable- PPE Disposable C- Informs PCBU/officers of any non-compliancy at weekly manager meetings C- Has an extensive knowledge of business operations and hazards associated C- Takes steps to ensure that PCBU uses appropriate resources and processes to eliminate risks to health and safety C- Appropriate process in place for receiving and considering health and safety information C- reporting notifiable incidents, consulting with workers ensuring compliance with notices issued under this Act 14 Janine KneeboneManager (Officer) WHS Act. S.27 (5) (f)Taking reasonable steps to verify the provision and use of the resources and processes mentioned in paragraphs (c) to (e). WHS Act. S.27 (5) (a) Taking reasonable steps to acquire and keep up-todate knowledge of work health and safety matters WHS Act. S.27 (5) (b) Taking reasonable steps to gain an understanding of the nature of the operations of the business or undertaking of the person conducting the business or undertaking and generally of the hazards and risks associated with those operations WHS Act. S.27 (5)(c) Taking reasonable steps to ensure that the person conducting the business or undertaking has available for use, and uses, appropriate resources and processes to eliminate or minimise risks to health and safety from work carried out as part of the conduct of the business or undertaking WHS Act. S.27 (5)(d) Taking reasonable steps to ensure that the person conducting the business or undertaking has appropriate processes for receiving and considering information regarding incidents, hazards and risks and responding in a timely way to that information WHS Act. S.27 (5) (e) Taking reasonable steps to ensure that the person conducting the business or undertaking has, and implements, processes for complying with any duty or obligation of the person conducting the business or undertaking under this Act WHS Act. S.27 (5) (f)Taking reasonable steps to verify the provision and use of the resources and processes mentioned in paragraphs (c) to (e). C- Reasonable steps in place C- Informs PCBU/officers of any non-compliancy at weekly manager meetings C- Has an extensive knowledge of business operations and hazards associated C- Takes steps to ensure that PCBU uses appropriate resources and processes to eliminate risks to health and safety C- Appropriate process in place for receiving and considering health and safety information C- reporting notifiable incidents, consulting with workers ensuring compliance with notices issued under this Act C- Reasonable steps in place *PCBU- Person conducting a business or undertaking Appendix 2- Consultation table Consultative body Morningside General Practice Clinic (PCBU) Legislative actions WHS Act. S. 47 (1) The person conducting a business or undertaking must, so far as is reasonably practicable, consult, as required under in this division and any regulation, with workers who carry out work for the business or undertaking who are, or are likely to be, directly affected by a matter relating to work health or safety. WHS Act. S.47 (2) If the person conducting the business or Evidence meeting consultative provisions C- Regular meetings conducted, monthly newsletter, notice board in kitchen, emails sent round C- Workers asked when the meetings suit them. A time and 15 Health & Safety Representative (HSR) Health and Safety Committee Union Entry Permit Holders undertaking and the workers have agreed to procedures for consultation, the consultation must be in accordance with those procedures. WHS Act. S. 48 Relevant information about the matter is shared with workers and workers are given a reasonable opportunity to express their views and to raise work health or safety issues in relation to the matter; and to contribute to the decision-making process relating to the matter; and the views of workers are taken into account by the person conducting the business or undertaking; and the workers consulted are advised of the outcome of the consultation in a timely way WHS Act S.68 To represent the workers in matters relating to work health and safety, to monitor the measures taken by PCBU in compliance with the WHS Act, To investigate complaints, to inquire into anything that appears to be a risk to the health and safety of workers WHS Act S.46 Consult, cooperate and coordinate activities with all other persons who have a duty in relation to a matter place is agreed upon and PCBU holds the meeting in accordance with those procedures C- Workers given the opportunity to express their opinion/views, worker given opportunity to contribute to decision- making process. Workers advised in a timely way, either by another meeting or an email, what the outcome was. WHS Act S.90 Issue a provisional improvement notice to remedy a contravention, prevent a contravention from occurring, remedy the operations causing a contravention WHS Act S.77 To facilitate cooperation between the PCBU and workers regarding measures designed to ensure the workers' health and safety; and to assist in developing standards, rules and procedures WHS Act S.78 To meet every 3 months and at a reasonable time at the request of at least half of the members WHS Act. S.121(1) Enter a workplace to consult on work health and safety matter with, and provide advice on those matters to, 1 or more relevant workers who wish to participant in the discussion WHS Act. S121(2) Warn any person whom the WHS entry permit holder reasonably believes to be exposed to a serious risk to his or her health or safety, emanating from an immediate or imminent exposure to a hazard, of that risk Non-applicable- No HSR at MGPC Non-applicable- No HSR at MGPC Non-applicable- No HSR at MGPC Non-applicable- No H&S Committee at MGPC Non-applicable- No H&S Committee at MGPC C- Occasional visits by the Australian Salaried Medical Officers' Federation Queensland (ASMOFQ) and the Australian Services Union (ASU). C- Occasional visits by the Australian Salaried Medical Officers' Federation Queensland (ASMOFQ) and the Australian Services Union (ASU). 16 Appendix 3- Hazard Identification Register Table Identify the task or activity Assault Reaching/ lifting of heavy boxes of stock from cupboard above shoulder level Continuous sitting at desk Working in airconditioning powered by a cooling tower Continuously looking up at standing patients whilst sitting at a low reception desk Uneven walkwaySudden steep slope in floor Lose electrical cords under desk Workplace Bullying Hazard associated with task or activity High force, Sudden force High force, Sudden force Legislation relevant to hazard H.M.T. CoP S 2.2 & S 3.3 Hazard Reference No. H.M.T. CoP S 2.2 & S 3.3 H2 Sustained posture H.M.T. CoP S 2.2 & S 3.3 H3 Exposure to aerobic bacteria WHS. Act. Sch. 1. H4 Awkward posture H.M.T. CoP S 2.2 & S 3.3 H5 Trips and falls WHS Reg. S.40 H6 Slips, trips and falls WHS Reg. S.40(c) H7 Psychological injuries WHS Act Reg. S.34 & S.35 FWA Act S.789FD H8 H1 Appendix 4- Risk Identification Register Hazard Reference Number H1 H2 H3 H4 Risk Factors Outcome of exposure Who may be affected? Who is responsible? Risk Reference Number Patients waiting for long periods of time, some patients have drug dependencies, some older workers Fast pace, workers have heavy workload, some older workers Workers have heavy workload, some older employees, 8 hour shifts with only one 10-minute tea break and half hour break, well designed office layout Seasonal outbreak of Physical injury Worker/ Patient/ Other visitor MGPC R1 Muscular-skeletal disorders Worker MGPC R2 Muscular-skeletal disorders Worker MGPC R3 Legionnaires' Worker/ MGPC R4 17 H5 H6 H7 H8 illness, busy wait room full of sick patients Fast pace, continuously serving patients, desk positioned very low, some older employees Fast pace, good lighting, slippery wooden floor boards Fast pace, good lighting Fast pace/ high stress, shifts arrangements continuously changing (some dissatisfaction over shifts arrangements) Disease Back or Neck strain/ Muscularskeletal disorders Physical injury Physical injury Psychological injury Patient/ Other visitors Worker MGPC R5 Worker/ Patient/ Other visitors Worker MGPC R6 MGPC R7 Worker MGPC R8 Appendix 5- Risk Assessment (see appendix 7- risk calculators for details) Risk Ref. No. R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 Estimated Likelihood Estimated Consequences Risk rating Rare Possible Possible Rare Possible Possible Possible Possible Moderate to Major Injury Moderate to Major injury Moderate Injury Major to Catastrophic Injury Moderate Injury Moderate to Major Injury Moderate Moderate Moderate to High High to Acute High High High High to Acute High High Appendix6- Controlling Risk - Legislative requirements Risk Ref. No. R1 Activity Assault Legislative Requirements System of work: two receptionists working at all time as opposed to 1 Responsibility PCBU (WHS Reg. S. 36) Work Environment- Install security camera, prevent public access to practice at night unless patients have an appointment, secure drugs, script paper and cash securely, install a panic button under the desk, create allocated staff car parks as opposed to street parking Administrative controls: Train workers on preventing and responding to occupational violence. 18 (Preventing and responding to work-related violence, 2014) R2 Reaching to get heavy boxes of stock from cupboard above shoulder level Elimination: Reduce large orders of stock and have smaller and more frequent orders so workers do not have to store remaining stock in cupboards and reach to get them down (HMT.CoP.s 4.2) PCBU (WHS Reg. S. 36) Workplace design/layout: Store boxes on shelves which are between waist and shoulder height (HMT.CoP.s 4.3) Nature of the items handled: Store the stock in lighter boxes to reduce the force when getting the boxes down from the shelf (HMT.CoP.s 4.4) System of work: Have two or more workers lift the box from the shelf (HMT.CoP.s 4.7) Administrative controls: Train workers on safe lifting methods (HMT.CoP.s 4.9) R3 Continuous sitting at desk Workplace design/layout: Purchase height adjustable desks (HMT.CoP.s 4.3) PCBU (WHS Reg. S. 36) System of work: Job rotation and more frequent breaks (HMT.CoP.s 4.7) Administrative controls: Train workers on correct posture (HMT.CoP.s 4.9) R4 R5 R6 Working in airconditioning powered by a cooling tower Continuously looking up at standing patients whilst sitting at a low reception desk Uneven walkwaySudden steep slope Control measures: Regular maintenance, water treatment, inspection, cleaning, and disinfection/decontamination of the cooling tower system PCBU (WHS Act. s.20, s.22, s.36) (Guide to Legionella control in cooling water systems, including cooling towers, 2013). Workplace design/layout: Raise desk height, purchase height adjustable desks (HMT.CoP.s 4.3) PCBU (WHS Reg. S. 36) System of work: Job rotation and more frequent breaks (HMT.CoP.s 4.7) Administrative controls: Train workers on correct posture (HMT.CoP.s 4.9) Workplace design/layout: Resurface floor level. Make the slope flatter/ more gradual, provide a hand rail, put non-slip mats on the floor, put \"caution- watch your step\" sticker on floor and on on wall (HMT.CoP.s 4.3) PCBU (WHS Reg. S. 36) 19 in floor R7 Lose electrical cords under desk System of work: Reduce work load to minimise workers rushing around over steep slope (HMT.CoP.s 4.7) Workplace design/layout: Isolate cords with cable wraps or cable covers, fit out MGPC to provide flexibility without requiring loose cables on the floor PCBU (WHS Reg. S. 36) (Guide to preventing slips, trips and falls, 2007). R8 Workplace Bullying Set the standard: Implement a workplace bullying policy Design safe stems of work: Effectively manage each worker's workload, provide training for workers to assist them with carrying out their tasks, develop effective communication with workers, give workers regular breaks PCBU (WHS Reg. S. 36) Provide training: What is workplace bullying? How to/Who to report bullying to? What is our policy on workplace bullying? (Guide for preventing and responding to workplace bullying, 2013). 20 Appendix 7- Risk Calculators 21 Noise Calculations with Explanations Starting point The starting point for noise calculations is a noise exposure of 85dBA for 8 hours. This is 100% noise dose. Anything more than this causes irreversible hearing loss. The other key fact is that a 3dBA increase in noise = a 100% increase in noise exposure (doubling). This means that if you are exposed to 88dBA you will get 200% of your maximum daily noise dose if you experienced it for 8 hours. It also means that you get a 100% of your daily noise dose in 4 hours. Calculation 1 - extended shifts Q - A worker is exposed to 85dBA in 8 hours how much is he / she exposed to in 14 hours if there is a constant noise level of 85dBA? A - 87dBA Explanation: see Table 3 in Noise CoP.s.4.3 [NOTE: this means the worker receives an \"adjusted\" noise dose of 87dBA, which is equivalent to 166.6% of their daily noise dose. Calculation 2 - effects of different noise levels over shift Q - A worker is exposed to 100dBA for 15 mins and 88dBA for 4 hours. What percentage of their daily noise dose have they received? A - 200% Explanation: see Table C1, p. 34 of Noise CoP. If you go down from 15 mins and then across from 100dBA, the point where they meet is 100(%). Similarly, if you go down from 4 h and across from 88 the point where they meet is 100(%). Calculation 3 - effects of different noise levels over shift Q - A worker works for 15 mins at 92dBA. If he / she worked for a further 8 hours, what noise level would he / she have to experience if they were not to exceed their daily noise dose? A - 84dBA. Explanation: Using Table C1, p. 34, if we (a) see the point where 15 min and 92 intersect, we can see that this is 16(%). This means that the worker can only expend another 80 points over the remainder of their shift, which is 8 hours. So if we go to the 8 hr column and follow it down, we can see that at 84dBA they would experience 80% of their daily noise dose. Combined with the previous exposure that delivered 16%, this means the worker has experienced a combined total of 96% - which is safe as it is under 100%. Calculation 4 - effects of distance Q - A worker is exposed to 100dBA at 3 metres, what noise would the worker experience at 9 metres? A - 91dBA. Explanation: see Figure 1, p. 17. For every DOUBLING of distance we reduce noise by 6dBA (or by 75%). So if the noise is 100dBA at 3 metres, it is 94dBA at 6 metres, and 88dBA at 12 metres. If we only went out half the distance between 6 and 12 metres - to 9 metres - we would drop the noise by 3dBA rather than 6dBA. This means that at 9 metres it would be 85dBA. Calculation 5 - effects of wearing hearing protection Q - if I am exposed to 102 dBA of noise without hearing protection, what noise dose would I receive with (a) Class 1 hearing protection and (b) Class 4 hearing protection? A - 97dBA and 82dBA Explanation: see Table 4, Noise CoP.s.5.6. The effect of the Table is to indicate that Class 1 reduces noise by 5dBA, Class 2 by 10dBA, Class 3 by 15dBA, Class 4 by 20dBA and Class 5 by 25dBA. With Class 1, therefore, we reduce the 102dBA of noise to 97dBA (an unsafe level) and with Class 4 to 82dBA (a safe level). Calculation 6 - putting it all together Q- A worker is exposed to 101dBA at 1 metre, working a 14 hour shift. What level of hearing protection would the worker need to wear at 6 metres if the noise dose is to be reduced to a safe level? A - Class 1. Explanation: 1. First calculate the \"adjusted\" noise dose using Table 3 in Noise CoP.s.4.3 - this causes us to add 2dBA due to the shift length, giving us an \"adjusted\" noise level of 103dBA. 2. Second, using Figure 1, Noise CoP.s.5.4, we can calculate the noise is 97dBA at 2 metres (down by 6dBA due to doubling of distance) and 91dBA at 4 metres. As a further doubling would take us to 8 metres, but we are only going out by 50% extra rather than 100%, the noise is reduced by a further 3dBA between 4 metres and 6 metres. This means the noise at 6 metres is 88dBA. If we wore Class 1 hearing protection, we would experience a noise dose of 83dBA, which is safe Australian Workers' Compensation Statistics 2012-13 Table 16.4 Total 815 12.8 74 705 3: Serious claims: number, incidence and frequency rates by injury or disease, sex and age group, 2012-13p 43 115 117 13.4 8.5 11.1 7.1 6.1 6.7 Injury and musculoskeletal disorders years 3 105 1 200 4 305 All serious claims 20-24 years 7 415 3 020 10 years 3 200 1 285 25-29 years 7 785 3 150 440 3 295 30-34 years 7 345 2 885 10 3 550 35-39 years7 485 3 400 935 3 360 40-44 years 20-24 years 7 695 8 195 4 775 10 230 3 975 45-49 years 25-29 years7 635 5 535 8 260 10 885 5 560 50-54 years 7 520 6 035 30-34 years 7 940 55-59 years 5 870 4 520 126 970 390 35-39 years 475 13 170 60-64 years 4 210 82250 6 990 765 65 years+ 1 450 years 9 165 4549 13 555 5 140 10 390 2 760 years 8 565 6800 680 50-54 years Total 68 035 55-59 years Diseases yearsyears <2060-64 65 years+ 8 490 37 770 6 740 4 755 9.3 12.1 485 11.2 11.1 995 3.3 6.1 5.2 8.8 9.6 8.4 5.3 8.5 6.612.6 5.7 3.5 9.1 9.4 13.1 8.3 10.8 810 9.911.9 11.85.9 13.6 12.4 13.8 11 30011.1 12.0 6.2 11.0 12.2 220 10.3 13.3 12.67.7 14 730 14.5 7.314.6 8.1 9.7 8.6 955 15.3 7 515 11.5 7.3 7.6 7.8 9.0 6.6 14.2 14.0 12.5 2 430 7.5 6.0 6.5 7.1 9.2 15 480 15.6 215 105 800 10.0 8757.5 1 630 6.4 8.9 4.1 7.34.4 3.8 5.8 5.5 4.2 5.9 3.7 4.7 6.34.1 6.55.5 6.7 7.4 6.8 7.9 7.7 6.9 4.8 5.1 5.4 7.0 8.0 95 85 180 0.3 0.2 total 670 5 345 12 015 1.2 1.1 0.6 0.8 0.7 incidence rates of serious claims increase with age group, peaking in the 5054 year group for females and 6064 males. frequency are more evenly spread across groups, particularly australian workers' compensation 13 statistics 2012-13 table 4: claims: number, by injury or disease, sex 040 industry, 2012-13p 3 985 19 125 manufacturing 340 380 21.1 17.9 construction transport, postal & warehousing retail trade 885 310 10 055 9 925 245 060 625 295 18.6 22.0 9.9 23.3 16.1 14.7 13.0 17.0 19.1 8.2 21.0 13.2 7.2 10.6 public administration safety accommodation food services education training administrative support wholesale other agriculture, forestry fishing mining 425 175 915 880 010 830 260 160 465 905 930 780 710 615 265 415 790 professional, scientific technical 025 10.4 11.3 4.5 5.0 10.1 10.7 14.1 8.7 11.9 3.6 4.9 2.4 2.6 2.5 1.6 1.3 120 arts recreation 760 electricity, gas, water waste 065 16010.1 3.2 rental, hiring real estate 705 305 9.8 1.9 4.4 4.0 2.2 3. 1. 605 820 2.8 2.1 1.7 370 590 3.0 1.5 74 43 115 117 815 13.4 17 535 970 030 560 525 495 910 420 12.3 19.4 17.5 19.7 15.1 13.5 22.1 12.6 14.8 16.5 15.9 9.5 20.0 2.9 4.3 10.2 3.9 450 270 835 355 945 540 610 045 275 635 680 785 750 440 240 10. 4.6 735 620 1.0 685 6.3 75 financial insurance information media telecommunications musculoskeletal disorders health care social assistance 050 .6 68 035 070 335 580 805 205 795 130 2.3 935 150 085 890 0.9 70 775 0. 0.5 0.4 0.1 320 315 410 210 385 155 135 170 20 200 45 195 145 30 60 55 50 although employees industry accounted highest number 201213p, rate was recorded industry. male occurred (23.3), (22.0) (21.1) industries. female employees.occurred (15.3), (14.1) (10.7) over one-third employees' were made 16 6: percentage nature disease sex, 2012 13p 17.8% 10.8% traumatic joint ligament muscle>