41. If the ______________ is effective, consumers - responding to marketing messages from the dealer, retailer or distributor -- will then demand the product from these channel intermediaries, who will in turn order more of the product from the producer.

	a.	pull strategy.
	b.	push strategy.
	c.	combination strategy.
	d.	direct marketing.
	e.	public relations strategy.

42. Advertising may be defined as any:

	a.	paid form of non-personal communication about a product, service, or company
	b.	any communication about a product, service, or company
	c.	any communication that moves product from one level to another of the distribution channel
	d.	personal communication from a company representative to prospective buyers
	e.	non-personal communication about a product or service not paid for under sponsorship

43. In the competitive forces at work (or Five Forces Model) as developed by Michael Porter,

	a.	the power of suppliers includes, for example, providers of raw materials for manufacturing
	b.	the power of buyers includes, for example, retailers to consumers of finished goods and services
	c.	the power of substitutes includes, for example, government intervention in failing markets
	d.	a and b are correct
	e.	a, b and c are correct

44. Some ways in which buying habits and preferences may differ from earlier generations include:

	a.	Desire by consumers for more choices
	b.	Better educated and informed consumers
	c.	Demand for greater personalization and customization in new products and services
	d.	Concern for protecting the natural environment with sustainable practices
	e.	all of the above are differences

45. Global top brands like Apple, Google and Coca-Cola are ranked by the British consulting firm Interbrand in part according to:

	a.	brand popularity surveys conducted online with consumers by Interbrand once each year.
	b.	the Global Brand Awareness Index developed by the Stanford Research Institute.
	c.	net present values of projected future earnings, as supplied each year by the brand owners.
	d.	probability random samples of consumers by the Gallup Organization, once a year.
	e.	phone interviews and mall-intercept surveys conducted continuously by Interbrand and its partners.