Question: 4.9 In this exercise, we examine how data dependencies affect execution in the basic 5-stage pipeline described in Section 4.5. Problems in this exercise refer

4.9 In this exercise, we examine how data dependencies affect execution in the basic 5-stage pipeline described in Section 4.5. Problems in this exercise refer to the following sequence of instructions:

or r1, r2, r3

or r2, r1, r4

or r1, r1, r2

Also assume the following cycle times for each of the options related to forwarding:

Without Forwarding	With Full Forwarding	With ALU-ALU Forwarding Only
250ps	300ps	290ps

4.9.4 What is the total execution time of this instruction sequence without forwarding and with full forwarding? What is the speedup achieved by adding full forwarding to a pipeline that had no forwarding?

4.9.5 Add nop instructions to this code to eliminate hazards if there is ALU-ALU forwarding only (no forwarding from the MEM to the EX stage).

4.9.6 What is the total execution time of this instruction sequence with only ALU-ALU forwarding? What is the speedup over a no-forwarding pipeline?

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