A computer with Fedora Linux installed according to Hands-on Project 2-1.

Project 8-1

In this hands-on project, you use the shell to redirect the Standard Output and Standard Error to a file and take Standard Input from a file.

In this hands-on project, you use and configure the GRUB2 boot loader on Fedora 20.

1. Boot your Fedora Linux virtual machine. After your Linux system has been loaded, switch to a command-line terminal (tty2) by pressing Ctrl+Alt+F2 and log in to the terminal using the user name of root and the password.

2. At the command prompt, type less /boot/grub2/grub.cfg and press Enter. Which line sets the default timeout for user interaction at the boot screen? Answer: It is set default=${next entry} Examine the menu entry paragraphs. Do many of the options match those in the original GRUB bootloader? Answer: Yes

3. At the command prompt, type vi /etc/default/grub and press Enter to edit the GRUB2 configuration file. Change the value of GRUB_TIMEOUT to 30. Save your changes and quit the vi editor.

4. At the command prompt, type grub2-mkconfig o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg and press Enter to rebuild the GRUB2 configuration file with your change.

5. Reboot your system by typing reboot and pressing Enter. At the GRUB2 boot screen, view the available options. How long do you have to interact with the GRUB2 boot loader after POST before the default operating system is booted? Answer: Next, press c to obtain a command prompt.

6. At the grub> prompt, type help and press Enter to see a list of available commands. Next, type lspci and press Enter to see a list of detected PCI devices. Following this, type list_env and press Enter to view the variables present. Normally, there should be a single variable called saved_entry that lists the default OS that is booted by GRUB2, although on some systems you may not see this variable. Type reboot and press Enter to reboot your system.

7. At the GRUB2 boot screen, press e to edit your configuration. Where did you see these contents recently? Answer:

8. Locate the line that starts with the word linux and navigate to the end of this line (the last two keywords on this line should be rhgb and quiet). Add the word single after the word quiet and press F10 to boot your modified configuration. What does this option tell the boot loader to do? Answer:

9. Supply your root password when prompted.

10. Reboot your system by typing reboot and pressing Enter. Allow your system to boot normally.

11. Switch to a command-line terminal (tty2) by pressing Ctrl+Alt+F2 and log in to the terminal using the user name of root and the password.

12. At the command prompt, type runlevel and press Enter. What is your current runlevel? Answer: What is the most recent runlevel? Answer:

13. Type exit and press Enter to log out of your shell. Save and drop this file in the dropbox.