A data path comprises various elements, such as decoders linked to logical gates, facilitating the storage of

values in registers. Subsequently, these registers transmit data to the Central Control Unit $($CCU$),$ where

operations are executed based on specified opcodes. The resultant data is then stored in registers. This process

entails the design of data paths using modular units, which are combined to form a complete data path, termed

as hierarchical design. Establishing a simple hierarchical design aids in project development, as exemplified by

the construction of a $4-$bit shift register below.