A four$-$bit binary ripple counter of the typeshown in Fig. $($a$)$ is initially in the $0000$ statebefore the clock input is applied to thecounter. The clock pulses are applied to the counter atsome time instant t$1$ and then again removedsome time later at another time instant t$2.$The counter is observed to read $0011.$ Howmany negative$-$going clock transitions haveoccurred during the time the clock was activeat the counter input?