A non$-$plated, black finish $\frac{1}{2}-13$ UNC Grade $2$

regular hex head steal bolt and standard $\frac{1}{2}N$

steel washers are used to secure two steel plates as

shown. A regular steel hexagonal nut is used under

the lower washer to secure the connection. The

connection is exposed to a static separating force

of $10001$ bf $.$ Determine;

a$)$ The required tarque if the connection is to be permanent

b$)$ The stiffness of the bolt, kb

c$)$ The stiffness of the members, km $($using frustra method$)$

d$)$ The load factors guarding against averloading the balt

yielding of the bolt and joint separation.