. a. Perceptual mapping has various applications, such as: Identification of important attributes Identification of close substitutes-main competitors Identification of differentiated brands Market segmentation Identification of gaps in the market new product opportunities Can you give at least one example? . . . b. The positioning strategies that can be implemented by a company in order to create a distinct product position in the mind of the customer are as follows: Positioning by attribute Positioning by benefits Positioning by price/quality Positioning by competitor Positioning by application Positioning by product user Positioning by product class Hybrid positioning Can you give at least one example for each strategy? . . C. Kotler (2003) says that a firm should avoid four major positioning errors, namely: 1. Under Positioning 2. Over Positioning 3. Confused Positioning 4. Doubtful Positioning Can you give at least one example for each error? . d. Sometimes, a company may decide to reposition a product in the market. Repositioning may result from changes in: competitors' activities customers' needs and wants the environment (for example, legislation). Can you give at least one example for each strategy? e. Can you give at least one example of product cannibalization? Build your argument in a few sentences