A student needs to write a five$-$page term paper. He estimates it will take one week to write the paper. When he begins the project, he realizes that he did not take into account the time he need to spend researching the topic, organizing information from his research, outlining his arguments, writing a rough draft, proofreading the paper, and finalizing the paper. Fortunately, he started early and has the three weeks necessary to complete the paper. The student in this example has exhibited which of the following behaviors?