Question: a. Suppose the DES mangler function (or function F) mapped every 32-bit value to zero, regardless of the value of its input. How does the

a. Suppose the DES mangler function (or function F) mapped every 32-bit value to zero, regardless of the value of its input. How does the output after Round 16 of DES compare to the input at the start of Round 1 of DES? Show your work and provide appropriate explanations.

b. Consider the following message digest (hash) function: Take the input messages, and divide it into 128-bit chunks. XOR all the chunks together to get a 128-bit result. Run a standard message digest algorithm on the result. Is this a good message digest function?

c. Perform encryption and decryption using the RSA algorithm for the following: p = 3, q = 11, e =7, M = 5. Please show all the steps in a systematic fashion, like in page 270 of the Stallings textbook.

d. In the public-key system using RSA, you intercept the cipher text C=10 sent to a user whose public key is e=5, n=35. What is the plaintext M? Show the steps.

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