Accessing capabilities through an external source can be accomplished through all of these except

		strategic alliances, which should be selected as much for management style, culture, and goals as for their resources and capabilities.
		outsourcing, but depends on what can safely be delegated to outside suppliers.
		learning-based collaborative partnerships for the purpose of learning how the partner does things, internalizing its methods, and thereby acquiring its capabilities.
		joint ventures, which depend on how well the partners will work together.
		promoting qualified people with the right know-how in a timely and cost-effective manner.