ssing capabilities through an external source can be accomplished through all of these except

Multiple Choice

learning$-$based collaborative partnerships for the purpose of learning how the partner does thir capabilites.

promoting qualified people with the right know$-$how in a timely and cost$-$effective manner.

strategic alliances, which should be selected as much for management style, culture, and goals

outsourcing, but depends on what can safely be delegated to outside suppliers.