1. Activity-Based Life-Cycle Costing

   Kagle design engineers are in the process of developing a new green product, one that will significantly reduce the impact on the environment and yet still provide the desired customer functionality. Currently, two designs are being considered. The manager of Kagle has told the engineers that the cost for the new product cannot exceed $550 per unit (target cost). In the past, the Cost Accounting Department has given estimated costs using a unit-based system. At the request of the Engineering Department, Cost Accounting is providing both unit- and activity-based accounting information (made possible by a recent pilot study producing the activity-based data).

   Unit-based system: Variable conversion activity rate: $100 per direct labor hour Material usage rate: $20 per part ABC system: Labor usage: $15 per direct labor hour Material usage (direct materials): $20 per part Machining: $85 per machine hour Purchasing activity: $150 per purchase order Setup activity: $3,900 per setup hour Warranty activity: $500 per returned unit (usually requires extensive rework) Customer repair cost: $25 per repair hour (average)

   Activity and Resource Information (annual estimates)
   	Design A		Design B
   Units produced	20,000		20,000
   Direct material usage	320,000	parts	295,000	parts
   Labor usage	55,000	hours	125,000	hours
   Machine hours	55,000		65,000
   Purchase orders	2,500		2,000
   Setup hours	700		300
   Returned units	1,300		250
   Repair time (customer)	2,400		550

   Required: Show All Work

   1. Select the lower-cost design using unit-based costing.

   Are logistical and post-purchase activities considered in this analysis?

   2. Select the lower-cost design using ABC analysis.

   3. What if the post-purchase cost was an environmental contaminant and amounted to $15 per unit for Design A and $40 per unit for Design B? Compute the Post-purchase cost for each design.

   	Post-Purchase Cost
   Design A
   Design B

   Assume that the environmental cost is borne by society. Now, which is the better design?