After marketers select a

select answer $,$ they direct their company's activities toward marketing strategies built around four variables, often referred to as the

The variable of $-$ may involve decisions about customer service, package design, brand names, and trademarks, patents, an warranties. The variable of select answer may include decisions involving modes of transportation, warehousing, inventory control, orde processing, and selection of marketing channels. The variable of select answer is broadly defined as communications to a firm's buyers about their products.

Marketing has been viewed and practiced differently over the decades. At least five different eras or orientations in marketing's history have been identified. Fill in the words from the drop$-$down menu that best complete the following passages.

Companies who follow a emphasize the efficient.manufacturing of quality products and then look for people to purchase them. This orientation reached its peak in the select answer when product shortages and intense consumer demand ruled the day. Somewhat similarly, companies who follow a select answer emphasize the belief that creative advertising and personal selling will