And a sample data set: (Example number correct for one person from each group) Stranger: 3.0 Acquaintance: 5.5 Close friend: 8.0 The Results (Group Difference Info) Mean difference (from the sample): 0.867 This is the observed statistic the average difference between the groups Null distribution: Mean = 0 (which assumes there's no real difference between the groups just chance) Standard deviation = 0.181 Shuffled values from simulations: 0.0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2, etc. These are used to build a distribution of possible results if the null hypothesis were true In your own words (cleaned-up version): In this study, a college student tested whether knowing a person well helps people tell if they are lying. The student wrote 10 statements (5 true, 5 false) about a person, and showed them to three groups: close friends, acquaintances, and strangers. Each participant had to guess which statements were true or false. The close friends scored the highest on average (mean = 6.1), followed by strangers (4.9), and acquaintances (4.8). This suggests that people who know the person better may be better at detecting lies. The main group difference statistic the average difference between groups was 0.867. This was compared to a null distribution (what we'd expect by random chance), which had a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 0.181. Since the observed mean difference is much larger than what we'd expect by chance, this suggests the group differences are likely real, not just random. What the plus and minus signs mean here: Cl