answer true or false

To be true, the statement must be 100% correct - otherwise, it is false.

1. Coercive power is based mainly on fear.
2. Referent power is evidenced when person A gains power because A has knowledge or skill(s) relevant to Person B.
3. The concept of power is closely related to the concepts of authority and leadership and the differences between/among them are marginal.
4. Leaders (as opposed to managers) are, typically, appointed
5. Efficient leadership doers not usually requires the ability to manage but effective management often requires adequate leadership.
6. The Theory X leader assumes that the average worker dislikes work and is incapable of exercising adequate self-direction and self-control.
7. The Theory X manager assumes that the average worker is not a selfmotivator and will respond only to a carrot and stick approach to motivation.
8. In Douglas McGregors book, he stated that - based on his research - most American business managers/leaders believed in what he called Theory X.
9. A typical employees job instructions from her manager are often influenced by her perception of the manager.
10. Decoding is how individuals initiate communication.

11 Pay increases are always a tremendous motivator.

12. Profit-sharing is considered a type of individual incentive plan.
13. Assessment centers are a traditional method that organizations use to evaluate the managers, in which managers records over the last reporting period care closely scrutinized.
14. Management by objective is a popular technique foe evaluating employees who have jobs that have clearer qualitative output
15. The most popular method of evaluation in organizations today is the graphic rating scale.
16. Abraham Maslow famously wrote that he high need for personal power is the most important motivator for successful managers.
17. The ability to understand and manage emotions in oneself and in others is defined as critical thinking.
18. Confirmation bias is choosing the first acceptable solution to minimize time spent on a decision.
19. Shareholders is the term we use to describe all individuals/groups who are impacted by the organization.
20. The reflective system is the system of decision-making io the brain that is quick and intuitive.
21. Creativity is the term we use for mental shortcuts that permit us to reach a good decision quickly.
22. In 2021, under Title VII the 1964 Civil Rights Act, sex discrimination does not include discrimination based on sexual orientation or identity.
23. Process conflict should be avoided in organizations as it can ruin interpersonal relationships.
24. Conformation bias is he idea that when we decide, we cannot be totally rational since we do not have all the possible information or the cognitive processing ability to make fully informed, completely rational decisions.
25. Intrinsic motivation occurs when a person performs a given behavior to gain something that will satisfy a lower-level need.