APPENDIX

Appendix is used only if you need it just posting according to the question as it says you might need to refer if need

Question 3 (a) A DVD sampling rate is 96 kHz and 32 bits coding are employed to record 600 minutes of two channel stereo uncompressed song. Execute the calculation to analyse the number of DVD is required to store the songs assuming a DVD size is 4.7 GB. (6 marks) (6) Discuss the working principle of lossi compression. Analyse the improvement on capacity storage in Question 3(a) using MPEG1. (4 marks) Appendix I Table 03-1 MIDI Message Type: Binary Hex Message Type Channel Data Required Data Byte 1 Date Byte 2 1000 8 Note ott 1-16 Pitch (0-127) Velocity (0-127) 10019 Note on 1-16 Pitch (0-127) Release Velocity (0-127 1-16 1010 Polyphonic attertouch 1011 B Control change 1100 C Program change 1-16 1-16 Pitch (0-127) Aftertouch value Controller type (0-12) Value (0-127) Program-change value 0-127) Artertouch Value (0. 1101D Aftertouch 1-16 1110 Epich bend 1-16 and value (0-127), often (0-16383) Variable number of bytes System 1.16 Table 03-2 MIDI Control Change Messages Controller Type Message Purpose Values 1 Modulation wheel (no modulation) ... 127 (max) 2 Breath controller 0 (no breath) ... 127 (max) 7 Master volume (silent) ... 127 (max) 10 Stereo panning (left)... 64 (central) ... 127 (right) 64 Sustain pedal 0 (sustain oft) ... 127 (sustain on) 91 Reverb level (reverb oft) ... 127 (max. reverb) Table 03-3 MIDI Control Messages Followed by Data Bytes Various number 1 2 1 0 Binary 1111 0000 11110001 1111 0010 1111 0011 11110110 11110111 1111 1000 1111 1010 1111 1011 11111100 1111 1110 1111 1111 Status Byte Hex Message Type PO System exclusive P1 Quarter frame message P2 Sang position pointer 13 Song select F6 Tuning request 17 End Of Exchange (Box) F8 MIDI clock PA Start FB Continue FC Stop FE Active sensing FP Systemet 0 D 0 0 0 0 0 Table 03-4 MIDI Noce values is decimal MIDI Note MIDI Note MIDI Note Pitch Pitch Pitch 86 71 B 59 B. 84 70 57 83 A 55 81 A G F. E. & S38898 53 n | G 79 77 76 52 50 D C. 8 93 828 9 8 % F E 74 72 D . Table Q3-5: MIDI NOTE NUMBER TO EQUAL TEMPERAMENT SEMITONE TO HERTZ CONVERSION TABLE Middle C = MIDI Note #80 - Low Piano A = MIDI Note #21 - MIDI Note #range 0-127 o Approximate ideal human hearing range 20-20,000 Hz Ratio Between Consecutive Semitones = 1:12th Root of 2 or 1:1.05946 O o 14 D 15 D# 17 F Sala AA 18 F# 19 G 20 G# 21 A 22 A# 23 B 12C 16.4|36|c | 65.4 160 c 261.8 | 84|c | 1048.5 || 108 [c | 4186.0 ||na|c 18744.0 13| C# | 17.3 ||37|C# 69.3 61 C# 277.2 | 85 C# [108.7 || 10|c# 4434.8| |na C= 17738.7 18.4 38 D 73.4 62 D 283.7 88 D 1174.7 110 D 4898.8 na D 18704.5 10.4 39 C# 77.8 63 D# 311.1 87 D# 1244.5 111 D# 4978.0 na D= 19912.1 16 E 20.8 40 E 824 64 E 320.8 88 E 1318.5 112 E 5274.0 na E 21096.2 21.8 41 F 87.3 65 F 349.2 89 F 1398.9 113 F 5587.7 na F 22350.6 23.1 42 F# 92.5 68 F# 370.0 90 F# 1480.0 114 F# 5219.2 na F# 23879.6 24.5 43 G 08.067 G 392.0 91 G 1568.0 || 115 G 6271.9 na G 25087.7 26.0 44 G# 103.868 G# 415.3 92 G 16812 116 G# 8844.0 na G# 28570.5 27.5 45 A 110.0 60 A 440.0 93 A 1760.0 117 A 7040.0 na A 28160.0 20.1 48 A# 116.5 70 A# 408.2 94 A# 1884.7 118 A# 7458.8 na A# 29834.5 30.0 47 B 123.5 71 B 493.9 95 B 1975.5 119 B 7902.1 na B 31808.5 32.7 48 C 130.8 72 C 523.3 98 C 2093.0 120 C 8372.0 na C 33488.1 C# 34.6 49 C# 138.6 73 C# 554.4 97 C# 2217.5 121 C# 8869.8 na C# 35470.4 D 38.7 50 D 148.8 74 D 587.3 98 D 2349.3 122 D 9397.3 na D37589.1 D# 38.9 51 D# 155.6 75 D# 622.3 99 D# 2489.0 123 D# 9058.1 na D# 39824.3 41.2 52 E 184.8 76 E 850.3 100 E 2637.0 134 E 10548.1 na E 42192.3 43.7 53 F 174.8 77 F 698.5 101 F 2793.8 125 F 11175.3 na F 44701.2 30 F# 48.2 54 F# 1850 78 F# 740.0 102 F# 2960.0 128 F# 11830.8 na F# 47359.3 40.0 55 G 198.0 79 G 784.0 103 3138.0 127 G 12543. na G 50175.4 32 G# 51.9 58 G 207.7 80 G# 830.8 104 G# 3322.4 na G# 13289.8 na G# 53150.0 33 55.0 57 A 220.0 81 A 380.0 105 A 3520.0 na A14080.0 na A56320.0 34 58.3 158 A# 233.182 A 932.3 106 A# 3729.3 na As 14917.2 na A# 59669.0 61.7 50 B 246.9 83 B 987.8 107 B 3951.1 24 25 28 27 28 29 E F 31 G A A# 35 B f na B 15804.3 na B 63217.1 Question 3 (a) A DVD sampling rate is 96 kHz and 32 bits coding are employed to record 600 minutes of two channel stereo uncompressed song. Execute the calculation to analyse the number of DVD is required to store the songs assuming a DVD size is 4.7 GB. (6 marks) (6) Discuss the working principle of lossi compression. Analyse the improvement on capacity storage in Question 3(a) using MPEG1. (4 marks) Appendix I Table 03-1 MIDI Message Type: Binary Hex Message Type Channel Data Required Data Byte 1 Date Byte 2 1000 8 Note ott 1-16 Pitch (0-127) Velocity (0-127) 10019 Note on 1-16 Pitch (0-127) Release Velocity (0-127 1-16 1010 Polyphonic attertouch 1011 B Control change 1100 C Program change 1-16 1-16 Pitch (0-127) Aftertouch value Controller type (0-12) Value (0-127) Program-change value 0-127) Artertouch Value (0. 1101D Aftertouch 1-16 1110 Epich bend 1-16 and value (0-127), often (0-16383) Variable number of bytes System 1.16 Table 03-2 MIDI Control Change Messages Controller Type Message Purpose Values 1 Modulation wheel (no modulation) ... 127 (max) 2 Breath controller 0 (no breath) ... 127 (max) 7 Master volume (silent) ... 127 (max) 10 Stereo panning (left)... 64 (central) ... 127 (right) 64 Sustain pedal 0 (sustain oft) ... 127 (sustain on) 91 Reverb level (reverb oft) ... 127 (max. reverb) Table 03-3 MIDI Control Messages Followed by Data Bytes Various number 1 2 1 0 Binary 1111 0000 11110001 1111 0010 1111 0011 11110110 11110111 1111 1000 1111 1010 1111 1011 11111100 1111 1110 1111 1111 Status Byte Hex Message Type PO System exclusive P1 Quarter frame message P2 Sang position pointer 13 Song select F6 Tuning request 17 End Of Exchange (Box) F8 MIDI clock PA Start FB Continue FC Stop FE Active sensing FP Systemet 0 D 0 0 0 0 0 Table 03-4 MIDI Noce values is decimal MIDI Note MIDI Note MIDI Note Pitch Pitch Pitch 86 71 B 59 B. 84 70 57 83 A 55 81 A G F. E. & S38898 53 n | G 79 77 76 52 50 D C. 8 93 828 9 8 % F E 74 72 D . Table Q3-5: MIDI NOTE NUMBER TO EQUAL TEMPERAMENT SEMITONE TO HERTZ CONVERSION TABLE Middle C = MIDI Note #80 - Low Piano A = MIDI Note #21 - MIDI Note #range 0-127 o Approximate ideal human hearing range 20-20,000 Hz Ratio Between Consecutive Semitones = 1:12th Root of 2 or 1:1.05946 O o 14 D 15 D# 17 F Sala AA 18 F# 19 G 20 G# 21 A 22 A# 23 B 12C 16.4|36|c | 65.4 160 c 261.8 | 84|c | 1048.5 || 108 [c | 4186.0 ||na|c 18744.0 13| C# | 17.3 ||37|C# 69.3 61 C# 277.2 | 85 C# [108.7 || 10|c# 4434.8| |na C= 17738.7 18.4 38 D 73.4 62 D 283.7 88 D 1174.7 110 D 4898.8 na D 18704.5 10.4 39 C# 77.8 63 D# 311.1 87 D# 1244.5 111 D# 4978.0 na D= 19912.1 16 E 20.8 40 E 824 64 E 320.8 88 E 1318.5 112 E 5274.0 na E 21096.2 21.8 41 F 87.3 65 F 349.2 89 F 1398.9 113 F 5587.7 na F 22350.6 23.1 42 F# 92.5 68 F# 370.0 90 F# 1480.0 114 F# 5219.2 na F# 23879.6 24.5 43 G 08.067 G 392.0 91 G 1568.0 || 115 G 6271.9 na G 25087.7 26.0 44 G# 103.868 G# 415.3 92 G 16812 116 G# 8844.0 na G# 28570.5 27.5 45 A 110.0 60 A 440.0 93 A 1760.0 117 A 7040.0 na A 28160.0 20.1 48 A# 116.5 70 A# 408.2 94 A# 1884.7 118 A# 7458.8 na A# 29834.5 30.0 47 B 123.5 71 B 493.9 95 B 1975.5 119 B 7902.1 na B 31808.5 32.7 48 C 130.8 72 C 523.3 98 C 2093.0 120 C 8372.0 na C 33488.1 C# 34.6 49 C# 138.6 73 C# 554.4 97 C# 2217.5 121 C# 8869.8 na C# 35470.4 D 38.7 50 D 148.8 74 D 587.3 98 D 2349.3 122 D 9397.3 na D37589.1 D# 38.9 51 D# 155.6 75 D# 622.3 99 D# 2489.0 123 D# 9058.1 na D# 39824.3 41.2 52 E 184.8 76 E 850.3 100 E 2637.0 134 E 10548.1 na E 42192.3 43.7 53 F 174.8 77 F 698.5 101 F 2793.8 125 F 11175.3 na F 44701.2 30 F# 48.2 54 F# 1850 78 F# 740.0 102 F# 2960.0 128 F# 11830.8 na F# 47359.3 40.0 55 G 198.0 79 G 784.0 103 3138.0 127 G 12543. na G 50175.4 32 G# 51.9 58 G 207.7 80 G# 830.8 104 G# 3322.4 na G# 13289.8 na G# 53150.0 33 55.0 57 A 220.0 81 A 380.0 105 A 3520.0 na A14080.0 na A56320.0 34 58.3 158 A# 233.182 A 932.3 106 A# 3729.3 na As 14917.2 na A# 59669.0 61.7 50 B 246.9 83 B 987.8 107 B 3951.1 24 25 28 27 28 29 E F 31 G A A# 35 B f na B 15804.3 na B 63217.1