Approximently how many female offspring are produced by 3-4 yearold female ground squirrels? (It's not 237...) A.
Question:
Approximently how many female offspring are produced by 3-4 yearold female ground squirrels?
(It's not 237...)
A. 91
B. 148
C. 237
D. 270
Which cohort of female Belsing's ground squirrels produces themost female young?
A. 1-2 year olds
B. 2-3 year olds
C. 3-4 year olds
D. 5-6 year olds
Interpret the Data: Population Demographics of Belding's GroundSquirrels
In this exercise, you will use a life table and a reproductivetable to estimate which age cohort in a population of femalesproduces the most female offspring. To make this estimate, you needinformation about the number of offspring produced per capitawithin that cohort and the number of individuals alive in thecohort.
You can make this estimate for Belding’s ground squirrels bymultiplying the number of females alive at the start of the year(column 2 in the Life Table for Belding's Ground Squirrels) by theaverage number of female offspring produced per female (column 5 inthe Reproductive Table for Belding's Ground Squirrels).
Life Table for Belding's Ground Squirrels(Spermophilus beldingi) at Tioga Pass, in the SierraNevada of California* | |||||
Age (years) | FEMALES | ||||
Number Alive at Start of Year | Proportion Alive at Start of Year | Number of Deaths During Year | Death Rate† | Average Additional Life Expectancy (years) | |
0-1 | 337 | 1.000 | 207 | 0.61 | 1.33 |
1-2 | 252‡ | 0.386 | 125 | 0.50 | 1.56 |
2-3 | 127 | 0.197 | 60 | 0.47 | 1.60 |
3-4 | 67 | 0.106 | 32 | 0.48 | 1.59 |
4-5 | 35 | 0.054 | 16 | 0.46 | 1.59 |
5-6 | 19 | 0.029 | 10 | 0.53 | 1.50 |
6-7 | 9 | 0.014 | 4 | 0.44 | 1.61 |
7-8 | 5 | 0.008 | 1 | 0.20 | 1.50 |
8-9 | 4 | 0.006 | 3 | 0.75 | 0.75 |
9-10 | 1 | 0.002 | 1 | 1.00 | 0.50 |
Reproductive Table for Belding's GroundSquirrels at Tioga Pass | ||||
Age (years) | Proportion of Females Weaning a Litter | Mean Size of Litters (Males + Females) | Mean Number of Females in a Litter | Average Number of Female Offspring * |
0-1 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
1-2 | 0.65 | 3.30 | 1.65 | 1.07 |
2-3 | 0.92 | 4.05 | 2.03 | 1.87 |
3-4 | 0.90 | 4.90 | 2.45 | 2.21 |
4-5 | 0.95 | 5.45 | 2.73 | 2.59 |
5-6 | 1.00 | 4.15 | 2.08 | 2.08 |
6-7 | 1.00 | 3.40 | 1.70 | 1.70 |
7-8 | 1.00 | 3.85 | 1.93 | 1.93 |
8-9 | 1.00 | 3.85 | 1.93 | 1.93 |
9-10 | 1.00 | 3.15 | 1.58 | 1.58 |
Income Tax Fundamentals 2013
ISBN: 9781285586618
31st Edition
Authors: Gerald E. Whittenburg, Martha Altus Buller, Steven L Gill