article.$)$

$1-14(5$ pts$)$ There are many benefits related to our highway system, but there are also many costs, or detrimental effects, that have come into focus in recent years. List four major detrimental effects that are directly related to the construction and use of our highway transportation system.

$1-16(5$ pts$)$ A state has a population of $17$ million people and an average ownership of $1\mathrm{.}1$ cars per person, each driven an average of $12,000m\frac{i}{y}r,$ at $24m\frac{i}{g}al$ of gasoline $(mpg).$ Officials estimate that an additional $$60$ million per year in revenue will be required to improve the state's highway system, and they have proposed an increase in the gasoline tax to meet this need. Determine the required tax in cents per gallon.

$1-19(5$ pts$)$ What mode of transportation was the primary contributor to the demise of road construction in the USA in the ${19}^{th}$ century, and what advantages did the new mode offer?

$1-20(5$ pts$)$ What mode of transportation succeeded the mode noted in Problem $1-19,$ and what advantages did it offer?