Belgravia and Wadiya are neighbouring States. About 15% of the population of Belgravia are ethnic Wadiyans, who

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Belgravia and Wadiya are neighbouring States. About 15% of the population of Belgravia are ethnic Wadiyans, who mostly live in East Belgravia, the region of Belgravia closest to its border with Wadiya. These ethnic Wadiyans have for many years complained about being marginalised in the Belgravian society, and demanded that Wadiya annex Belgravia.
2. In the early 2010s, ethnic Wadiyans in East Belgravia formed an armed resistance movement called the Rebels. Over the years, the Rebels have carried out numerous acts of violence against the Belgravian Defence Force (BDF). Since 2020, the Rebels have managed to inflict ever-greater losses upon the BDF, effectively driving them out of East Belgravia. Since early 2022, the civilian authorities of East Belgravia, including the police, have been firmly under the control of the Rebels.
3. In February 2022, the Rebels and the Wadiyan Army launch a well-coordinated invasion into the western parts of Belgravia. The BDF offer considerable resistance. They are supported by many Belgravian civilians using knives, axes, hunting rifles and homemade explosives.
4. In light of this 'total defence', the Rebels and the Wadiyan Army start to operate on the basis that all military-aged males in Belgravia are fighters. Accordingly, they begin to target all men between the ages of 18 and 50 who act suspiciously. The Wadiyan Army also start to capture and indefinitely detain journalists and local government officials, on the basis that they could be providing intelligence to the BDF.
5. In the early hours of 13 March 2022, an explosion occurs at Springfield Airport. The airport is located near the capital of Belgravia and is routinely used by both civilian aircraft and BDF aircraft. The air traffic control tower and radar station are completely destroyed in the blast. Four civilian air traffic controllers and five members of the BDF are killed. The normal operation of the airport is disrupted for several weeks, also preventing humanitarian assistance flights from landing.
6. The BDF capture three women, all wearing civilian clothing, fleeing the scene. After a week of intense questioning - parts of which are shown on national television - two of the women state that they are members of the Wadiyan Army. They provide their names, ranks and ID numbers, which are promptly confirmed by the Wadiyan Army. The third woman admits that she is a Rebel. All three confess to being responsible for the explosion. A special military tribunal is hastily created, and promptly sentences the three women to life imprisonment for murder and the destruction of property.
7. You are a legal adviser to the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court. He asks you to analyse the events that have so far occurred in the conflict in Belgravia. You are specifically being asked to advise:
a) what breaches of the law of armed conflict (international humanitarian law), if any, may have taken place; and
b) what offences under the Rome Statute, if any, may have been committed.